At chapter Gravitymotor with variable spokes constructions were considered, where wheel ´falls from tooth to tooth´. At previous chapter Mysteries was considered whether Bessler did use constructions like these. His machines were rattling resp. each revolution eight noises of impacts occurred. Objectives of this chapter now are to design wheels running most soft.
Kernel of these gravity-motors is movable connection between rotor-arm and rotor, so demanded room to move between both elements exists. Spokes must show variable lengths, however if weighted must land precisely at corresponding bearing - and previous noise of impact comes up. Function of this spoke is to realize by most different techniques, one version is described by some more details at the following.
At picture EV GM 250 schematic is drawn rotor-arm (RT, blue) and rotor (RO, red, here only its inner ring) and spokes (SP, black lines) between both elements. Spokes are beard within rotor bearings (RL) of rotor. Bearing of spokes at rotor-arm here however is some different to previous conceptions.
At rotor-arm (RT) spoke-bearing (SL, dark blue) is made that kind, at the one hand spoke is turnable within, at the other hand variable lengths of spoke are realized. This is possible if a disc (e.g. also like a ball-bearing) is installed turnable within rotor-arm (RT) and eccentric within this disc now spoke is turnably beard. This disc here schematic is sketched as circle and at its border is arranged previous joint of spoke. As disc can turn within rotor-arm (RT), inner end of spoke can take different positions.
At A position is shown, where rotor (RO) hangs at its two downside bearings (RL) and both downside spokes (SP) hang downside within their spoke-bearings (SL). Rotor axis (RA) is positioned downside of eccentric axis (EA), which is centre of all spoke-bearings (SL), here same time also centre of disc of rotor-arm (RT). All other spokes take no weight, because their discs of spoke-bearings (SL) can escape taking weights by turning within rotor-arm (RT). Only at its radial positions, spokes take weight, like here at both downside spoke-bearings (SL).
At B situation is shown, where rotor momentary hangs only at one, most downside spoke, so only one supporting point (AP) exists. Rotor thus is at most labile position. Room to move of spokes, by turning of spoke-bearing discs, allow rotor e.g. to tilt towards left.
This situation is sketched at C, where rotor did tilt towards left, around fulcrum (DP, which is equal to previous supporting point AP). This tilting process is marked by arrow at rotor axis (RA). All discs of spoke-bearings (SL) must turn only little bit at this movements process. Tilting is limited, if next spoke-bearing and its spoke comes into radial stretched line (here left side down).
At D is sketched, this construction also allows intermediate running ahead of rotor (RO) versus rotor-arm (RT), marked by arrows of different lengths. All spokes show some more ahead and all discs of spoke-bearings turned some more ahead in turning sense of system (in comparison with previous position).
Essential is, all around now exists an angle between radial line and spoke. When spoke is weighted (e.g. when rotor falls down at this spoke), this angle becomes stretched, i.e. rotor-arm (RT) is pulled ahead (while delay of rotor-arm is result of increased turning momentum momentary drawn off system, as described at previous chapters).
Different Phases
At picture EV GM 251 now also system axis (SA, black point) is marked. At this system shaft firmly fixed is rotor-arm (RT, blue) which is turning around. Eccentric axis (EA, blue point) is centre of discs of spoke-bearings (SL, dark blue circles).
Different situations of rotor (RO, red) of previous picture now exist depending on position of eccentric axis (EA), system axis (EA) and momentary location of rotor axis (RA, red point), like shown at the following.
At A rotor-arm (RT) shows right side down and its effective mass (here not drawn) of rotor (RO) exactly pulls into that direction, based on vectors of gravity plus inertia. Only at this situation exists stabile position for short moment, as rotor hangs at two spokes (AP) same time (like at previous picture at A). Backside spoke-bearing (SL) of both spokes is marked by dotted blue line and its position is marked also by further turning.
At B (below) eccentric axis (EA) did turn by some 15 degrees, i.e. rotor-arm (RT) now lifts rotor upward. Rotor will not follow this movement completely as effective mass left-outside still will move downward. At this situation thus rotor tilts down (see arrow at RA) and disc of weighted spoke thus also turns from radial direction some downward.
At C eccentric axis did turn by further 15 degrees, rotor tilts correspondingly downward. Rotor will land next moment at next spoke (AP) and thus tilting is stopped at this phase. By position of rotor axis one can see, centre of rotor is located no more maximum outside but further inside down.
At following phases, rotor will tilt over next two spokes. To labile position (LP), as sketched at previous picture at B, rotor will come only at its uppermost position, like here shown at D.
There, eccentric axis (EA) is positioned upside of system axis (SA) and for short moment rotor axis (RA) is located same place like system axis (SA). Rotor hangs only at one downside spoke. Rotor axis swings through system from right side to left side at its uppermost position.
At E, eccentric axis did turn further towards left. After short delay, rotor again will tilt around supporting fulcrum point (DP), now towards left-outward-down (marked by dotted arrow at RA). Centre of weights of rotor now is positioned relative far left outside, so static imbalance results (e.g. in comparison with position at C). Decisive however is, increased kinetic energy comes up resulting of tilting and falling motions.
At F, eccentric axis is already down-left, i.e. downward movement is decelerated at this phase. However, downward movement of effective mass (far left outside, here not drawn) not at all is stopped, but mass swings downward-right - with its previous increased speed. Rotor (RO) thus momentary turns faster than rotor-arm (RT), i.e. rotor is running ahead (like marked by dotted arrows). So previous mentioned angles (analogue to situation sketched at D of previous picture) come up at all spoke-bearing discs.
At the following, rotor-arm (RT) moves further towards right. At this phase, rotor weights at one spoke after the other, each time stretching previous angles (with effect of accelerated turning of rotor-arm RT). Lastly results starting position A, where rotor hangs down-right at tow stretched spokes same time.
This gear thus is characterised by turnable disc as spoke-bearing (SL) within rotor-arm (RT) and a rod as spoke (SP). Inside end of spoke is turnably beard at this disc, outside end of spoke is turnably beard within rotor resp. its rotor-bearing (RL). This gear covers all demands for necessary movement processes, lifting and lowering, tilting and falling and its deceleration. Now however, each spoke takes weight from previous spoke much more harmonic than by previous gears.
Double-Joint-Spoke
By second step of these considerations even more ´smooth´ and more stabile and more compact gear is to develop. General idea of solution is shown at picture EV GM 252. Starting position is previous disc of spoke-bearing (SL, blue), within which round bolt (SB, grey) is beard eccentric. Previous rod of spoke now is replaced by likely disc, which takes function of rotor-bearing (RL, red). Previous bolt (SB) is also beard within that second disc, also eccentric. Bolt must be turnable at least at one of these two discs.
Spoke now practically is build by two parts resp. by radius SL-SB and RL-SB. As both discs can turn around bolt, distance of their centres is variable. At this picture left side, ´spoke-length´ is maximum, right side length is shorter depending on mutual overlaying of both discs.
At this picture right side is shown schematic, disc of spoke-bearing (SL) is turnably installed within rotor-arm (RT). Disc of rotor-bearing (RL) is turnably installed within rotor (RO). Bolt (SB) is guided through both discs. Rotor-arm here is arranged double at both sides of rotor in order to achieve symmetric bearing and stabile support. Round discs could also be shaped as ball-bearings in order to turn easy within rotor-arm resp. rotor.
Constructional Design
At picture EV GM 253 complete machine is drawn, left side by cross-sectional view through system axis (however very schematic because blue and red elements are arranged at different axial levels), right side by longitudinal view at system shaft.
Within housing (GE) system shaft (SA, grey) is beard turnable. Firmly fixed at system shaft are disc-shaped rotor-arms (RT, blue). At rotor-arm (RT) turnable installed are round discs of spoke-bearings (SL, dark blue), eccentric to system axis (SA) and concentric to marked eccentric axis (EA). Rotor-arm (RT) is arranged double, at system shaft are drawn two of these modules, shifted by 180 degrees.
Within rotor (RO, red) turnable installed are discs of rotor-bearings (RL, dark red). Spoke-bolt (SB, grey) reaches through both discs of spoke-bearing (SL) and corresponding rotor-bearing (RL), turnable at least within one of both discs.
Rotor axis (RA) is only theoretic centre of rotor and rotor-bearings, as rotor shows central opening and never comes in contact with system shaft. Distance between rotor-axis and rotor-bearings is of that length, one spoke is in stretched position (rotor hanging down at downside spoke) and discs of spoke- and rotor-bearing at opposite side cover nearby totally. Spoke-bolt of this (uppermost) bearing thus is located aside of discs centres, showing backward in turning sense of system (downside red and blue discs cover minimum, upside red and blue discs cover nearby completely).
Outside at rotor (RO) is installed effective mass (WM, green) at much larger radius (also beyond relations drawn here).
Compact Gear, sufficient Room to move
This gear will show once more smooth process of movements than previous versions of gears. So probably even six ´spokes´ could be sufficient, like here drawn at cross-sectional view (or even less). As now both ´spoke-discs´ partly overlay resp. both spoke-parts are ´folding´, this gear is constructed rather compact.
If eccentricity (distance SL-SB and RL-SB) e.g. is 1.5 cm, radius of rotor-arm will be some 25 to 33 cm (at 6 or 8 spokes). When taking 2 cm eccentricity, radius will show some 28 to 33 cm. Supporting point of rotor shows distance of 16 to 23 cm to eccentric axis, which itself shows eccentricity of 2 to 5 cm to system axis.
Lengths of spokes vary only by some 2 to 3 cm. Effective mass however should be installed at much longer radius, e.g. three or four times further outside, e.g. at lever arms of 50 or 100 cm. So much wider room for movements result, e.g. 6 to 15 cm, which is absolutely sufficient.
It would even be sufficient, if lengths of spokes vary only by 1.5 cm (so eccentricity of bolt is only 1 cm). Rotor-arm then will show radius of only 20 cm and supporting point will be located at 15 cm (when using 6 spokes). Effective mass will have room to move of 4.5 cm or e.g. 7.5 cm (by radius of 45 or e.g. 75 cm).
Based at calculations of chapter Fall-Curves this will be really sufficient (or like Remote Viewer saw ´control-unit large like TV-set´ at centre of Bessler´s 320-cm-Wheel). At the other hand these relative small movement-tolerances show, constructional elements and bearings must be build very exact to achieve continuous turning of wheel.
These considerations and rough calculations already demonstrate, revolutions and masses and lengths of all lever arms must be coordinated well for optimum timing of effecting forces in order to draw turning momentum off system. Bessler managed this by ´rattling´ wheel. So this ´round´ gear should also result this effect, however quite silent.
Real Wheels
With these considerations and proposals for solutions I finish work to subject of Bessler-Wheels. It will be job of others to realize these ideas and also other explorers with other conceptions will have success. I would like to report about. I really assume soon real approvals for pure mechanic perpetuum mobile are available - so history of technology will have new starting point.
Evert / 11.04.2006
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