At previous chapter Stories to Bessler-Wheel are mentioned several rotor systems for usage of centrifugal forces respective inertia and some ´Bessler-Wheels´ for using gravity forces. Now here decisive better conceptions of motors are developed. So objectives here are general definition of perpetuum mobile, which produces usable continuous turning momentum based on gravity and inertia. At first is to remember some well known processes of motions at wheels and basic understanding of ´Wheels at tracks moved´ (see previous chapter).
Wheel at fix Track
At picture EV GM 210 at A schematic is shown a wheel rolling at a surface (and here all times turning counter clock-wise is assumed). This wheel here in general is called rotor (RO, red). Track at which rotor rolls, here in general is called rotor-arm (RT, German Rotorträger, blue).
Rotor is turning steady around its rotor axis (RA), which steady wanders towards left. Four mass-points (M1 to M4) of rotor are marked. These mass-points do not move steady within space (see arrows), based on overlay of turning motions and movement ahead. Mass-point (M1) direct upside of supporting point is at local fix point for short moment. Mass-point (M2) of backside is moving upward-ahead. Mass-point (M3) upside of axis moves ahead by double speed. Mass-point (M4) of front side moves downward-ahead.
All mass-points continuously are accelerated and decelerated and direction of movements changes all times. So also kinetic energy and inertia varies on and on. If rotation is decelerated, also movement ahead is decelerated (vice versa), correspondingly acceleration affects both movements same time (like e.g. at any car and its wheels).
Wheel at Tracks moved
At this picture EV GM 210 at B (down left) now changed situation is sketched: rotor-arm (RT, see arrow) moves towards right side below rotor and wheel turns free at this moving support.
If constant conditions are assumed, rotor at a whole will keep same local position and all mass-points now are turning steady around rotor axis. Motion directions and inertia of mass points show steady into each tangential direction (marked by arrows).
Opposite to previous wheel, now here acceleration and decelerations affect different. If e.g. motion (towards right side) of rotor-arm is stopped abruptly, turning of wheel not at all ends too. Wheel would go on turning around its axis and would roll to left side.
At this picture at C this situation of deceleration is sketched (without complete stop). Movement of rotor-arm is decelerated, marked by shorter arrow at RT. Mass quite downside is slowed down to this reduced speed correspondingly, all other masses however are not slowed down. A new fulcrum (DP, German Drehpunkt) is build downside, around which upside masses swing around, based at their previous kinetic energy resp. inertia (sketched by dotted arrows, however this fulcrum wanders ahead in space). Rotor axis (RA) moves towards left.
If at the following, actual speed of movement ahead of rotor-arm now goes on steady, rotor will roll towards left. So braking of rotor-arm motion does not result corresponding deceleration of rotor motion (and again will have less affect onto rotor masses installed downside of support, as discussed later).
At this picture at D situation is shown where rotor-arm is accelerated towards right side (see longer arrow at RT). Only mass quite downside is accelerated correspondingly, while masses further upside still behave corresponding to their actual motion- and inertia-directions.
Practically new fulcrum (DP, again wandering in space) comes up at upper area of rotor, around which all masses are swinging. Rotor axis moves towards right, however less fast than rotor-arm, and turning motions of all masses around rotor axis are accelerated.
Effects of Deceleration / Acceleration
Normally a wheel is rolling at fix track and all changes of speeds concern motion ahead like turning motions same time and correspondingly. If however a rotor rolls free at a moving support, changes of speeds result different effects at deceleration and acceleration.
When decelerating or accelerating rotor-arm, only masses near supporting point are concerned directly, i.e. there come up only weak forces (in comparison with previous ´normal´ wheel, like e.g. upside at A). All other mass parts show pendulum movements around fulcrums, where kinetic energies practically are unchanged.
At deceleration of movement of rotor-arm (at previous C), only mass downside is decelerated and rotor axis wanders towards left, i.e. rotor ´tilts backward´. So reduced deceleration of turning speed is compensated by backward-moving rotor axis.
At acceleration of movement of rotor-arm (at previous D) mass part downside is accelerated and rotor axis wanders little bit towards right side. Movements of masses around new location of axis means accelerated turning of rotor. So acceleration of rotor-arm results movement ahead plus accelerated turning of rotor.
There are detailed descriptions of these movement processes also at previous mentioned chapters. Now here is to check-out, if positive effect could be drawn of these different reactions of rotor at changes of its supporting rotor-arm.
Unsteady Revolutions
Negative effect of unsteady rotation is well known, like schematic sketched at picture EV GM 211 at A. Revolutions at gears behave reverse to relation of radius (here R1 and R2) of involved gear wheels. This relation is constant however only by well-done (diagonal) interlocking. At simple constructed gear wheels, actual supporting point between wheels wanders some to and fro between wheels, i.e. radius differ and thus also revolutions. Gears like these are running ´untrue´.
At this picture at B is shown similar gear. Rotor-arm (RT) is build by gear-rim, turning constant around system axis (SA). Rotor (RO) is a gear-wheel rolling free within rotor-arm and turning around its rotor axis (RA). Speed of turning corresponds in principle to radius of gear-rim and gear-wheel. However, supporting point temporary is located at ´hill´ or at ´valley´, i.e. at different distances to system axis - with previous effect of relative deceleration and acceleration (here e.g. marked by rotor running some ahead towards left side).
Rhönrad-Motor
At picture EV GM 212 is drawn Rhönrad-Motor, one of my ´most pretty inventions´. Rotor-arm (RT, blue) turns around system axis (SA) by steady speed. Four positions are drawn, each shifted by 90 degrees (from A to D). Round opening is arranged eccentric within rotor-arm. This ´eccentric wall´ (EW, concentric to eccenter axis EA) represents ´one-tooth gear-rim´, i.e. with only one valley (at A downside) and one single hill (at C downside).
At this support, round rotor (RO, red) rolls free. Supporting point between rotor and rotor-arm shows different distance to system axis. At valley (at A) distance is long, becomes shorter (e.g. after 90 degrees turning at B), becomes minimum at hill (at C) and again becomes longer (at D).
Each supporting point of this track thus moves at varying radius within space, thus is moving faster and slower downside of rotor. Previous effects, based on acceleration / deceleration, concerning rotor turning and wandering of rotor axis thus come up. I do not know anybody already built this ´Rhönrad´, which is not only a beautiful construction but I believe it´s also nearby perfect perpetuum mobile.
Lifting and lowering of rotor masses (at A downside, at C upside) is force-neutral, however not productive. This upward- / downward movements are only by-product of wanted acceleration / deceleration of supporting track below free rolling rotor. Lifting and lowering of rotor however becomes important, if arrangement of effective masses is changed somehow.
Accelerated Rotor Turning
At picture EV GM 213 again rotor (RO) is drawn, where effective masses are ring-shaped. Four mass-pointes (M1 to M4, black points) are marked. These masses are connected with rotor axis (RA) by spokes. This wheel (at first) is not supported by any track, but wheel is lifted and lowered by its rotor axis.
Gravity forces (GK, German Gravitationskraft) affect at all mass-points, at A marked by green arrows resp. lines. Length of lines represent way which mass-point wants to go within one time-unit, based on gravity, here e.g. 100, each vertical downward.
Rotor is turning around its rotor axis, so each mass-point shows inertia force (TK, German Trägheitskraft, grey arrows resp. lines) into each tangential direction. Here for example, each mass-point wants to move by 80.
By vector addition of inertia and gravity arise resulting forces (RK, German resultierende Kraft, blue arrows resp. lines) of different amount and different directions. Relevant are relative strong forces resp. potential way-length resulting of addition of both vectors at downward motion of mass M4. Opposite at upward movement, both vectors compensate or reduce each other, so there mass M2 ´hangs within space rather forceless´.
At B is marked previous position of rotor by red disc and tangential inertia forces by grey lines. Each time unit, mass-points would like to move these ways resp. by this speed of 80. Now here at B affects additional acceleration force (BK, German Beschleunigungskraft, purple), which lifts rotor axis upward by 30 units. Marked are new positions of spokes and mass-points and resulting new ways (purple lines).
At not-turning wheel, naturally all mass-points would be lifted same kind, at this turning rotor however completely different. Upward showing force (BK) can not affect direct onto mass M4, so this mass will go on turning downwards, accelerated by gravity, e.g. moving distance of 84. Opposite, ´force-less´ mass M2 does not show much resistance versus upward motion, so this mass is lifted relative high up, e.g. by that distance of 144.
Downward falling mass M4 practically represents ´fixpoint´ within space (even it´s wandering down), so lifting of rotor axis (by 30) results double lifting of ´light´ mass M2 (practically lever-arm-effect, by 60 to 144).
Masses downside (M1) and upside (M3) are lifted by their vertical spokes corresponding to rotor axis. Their ways however are also determined by different lifting of masses (M4 and M2) aside of rotor axis. Mass downside (M1) e.g. moves by 122 right-upwards. Upper mass (M3) is guided by some 133 towards left side. In total, all masses are lifted corresponding to lifting of rotor axis, each mass-point by itself however most different kind.
This process corresponds e.g. with a wheel, which got into turning before being thrown upward. Axis of this wheel, at its uppermost position will rest in space for some moment. This situation is drawn here at picture EV GM 213 at C.
As masses are connected by spokes and rim, masses can not move different kind - if axis rests in space. So now all masses must show average turning speed. At this example these are 115 units (see grey arrows), thus much more than previous distances of 80. So turning of wheel became accelerated by this process.
At this picture at C again gravity forces (green) are marked and each resulting force (blue). These forces vectors not at all are equal nor symmetric, but show clear tendency for further movement of rotor.
Vectors at M1 and M2 show into different directions, i.e. want to turn wheel around new fulcrum (DP), located right side of rotor axis. Vectors at masses M3 and M4 show far down, i.e. want to tilt wheel also around new fulcrum. If possibilities for motions are not limited other kind, that rotor ´hanging free within space´ now will tip over towards left side down.
At this picture at D is sketched, which most different new ways of mass-points will result, and grey lines mark way from its old to new positions. Lengths of ways (and thus also speed) now will be some 105, 125, 160 and 150 units.
If downward-movement of rotor axis ends and rotor axis again rests in space (wheel thrown upward and falling down, now is caught at its axis), all mass points again must turn likely around that resting axis. Like shown at this picture at E, now average speed is 135, so process of falling down and following braking of lowering again resulted acceleration of turning speed of rotor.
Unbelievable
Naturally it seems unbelievable, additional turning momentum could come up ´for free´. Already in 1974, Bruce DePalma also achieved most astonished and really unbelievable results concerning flight of catapulted bodies. If bodies rotate cross to its track they fly faster and higher than corresponding bodies not-rotating - and fall down also faster. DePalma und colleges suspected, explanation of phenomena demands quite new sight of gravity, inertia and time (like discussed at later chapter). His assumptions were rather mysterious, nevertheless he predicted free energy devices for using this kind of Free Energy.
However, these processes need no mysteries for explanations, but only vectorial addition of forces and application of simple lever-arm laws will do - both valid relentless. It´s also valid, any force demands corresponding counter-force - and there is no solid resting support for that wheel turning free within space. At the other hand, any cat thrown upward - with legs upside - will land on its paws. Also high-divers and snow-boarders show ´unbelievable´ motion processes, even ´hanging free in space´.
Energy can affect only if potential differences exist. At picture EV GM 214 at A is drawn a system without potential differences: wheel turning free around stationary axis. All mass-points turn at likely radius with likely speed within space (four black points mark mass-points, arrows of likely lengths, each showing into tangential direction, represent speed resp. inertia vectors).
As soon however axis moves within space, like sketched at B, overlay of turning movement and linear movement (here left side up) results different movements directions and speeds of mass-points (marked by arrows of different lengths). These potential differences exist at any normal wheel rolling at any support (e.g. like at previous picture EV GM 210 at A) resp. all times, when axis is not stationary.
Potential differences also result by pure linear movements, e.g. at lifting and lowering of weights. At this picture are drawn two lifts as an example. One elevator-cabin (green) at C drives downward, other cabin at D drives upward, both hanging at separate cable winches (blue). Inertia of downward / upward movement are each overlaid by gravity forces. Both cabins affect with different forces, becoming obvious e.g. by demanded brake-forces for stop at next floor.
Cats and other ´motion-artists´ produce these potential differences by overlay of gravity and kinetic energies also without any fix support (like here these cable winches), free hanging within space. By head and feet resp. arms and legs they rebuild previous weights driving upward and downward - and achieve wanted turning momentum by delay of motion processes (where virtual connection of both cabins here is marked by dotted line, for comparison).
Classic View
To point out source of additional turning momentum, at first is shown situation of classic mechanics in upper row of picture EV GM 215. At A two likely masses (M1 and M2) are connected by a rod (RO), which is supported at its centre (RA). Both masses are affected by gravity, which results their weights (G1 and G2). So at support weight supporting forces (SK, German Stützkraft) of both masses.
At B rotor is lifted by accelerating force (BK, German Beschleunigungskraft). At support weight previous supporting force plus counter force of acceleration (BK). Both masses come to higher level, so accelerating force got transferred into potential energy (PE).
At this picture at C, rotor was allowed to fall down, whereby previous potential energy now is transferred into kinetic energy (KE). If masses are stopped at original level, at support now weight previous supporting force plus counter-force of demanded deceleration. This process results only an exchange of different shapes of energy and thus is only an example for classic ´zero-game´ of all common energy-systems (each minus common losses of friction etc.). However should be noticed, by this simple process intermediately came up additional forces affecting onto support.
Protection resp. Reduction of Gravity
At this picture EV GM 215 at row below, opposite, is shown source of ´free´ energy-surplus in shape of accelerated turning speed. Single difference now is, rotor (RO) got turning (at D, see dotted arrow) around its rotor axis (RA), before it is lifted (at E) and lowered (at F).
At starting position of A, at both masses weight gravity forces (G1 and G2). To these forces now add vectorial inertia forces of rotor turning, left side down (adding) and right side upward (subtracting). Nothing can be protected versus gravity, nevertheless gravity can be compensated (in optimum case) or at least is to reduce - only by moving masses counter direction of gravity forces.
In order to use that potential difference, both masses must be lifted, like sketched at E. Upward showing accelerating force (BK) may not affect direct onto masses, but only indirect via their common axis. Mass left side is moving downward and thus showing relative strong force (R1), resulting of addition of inertia- and gravity-vector. This mass resists versus acceleration force at rotor axis. This mass thus works like (rather stationary) fulcrum within space, around which mass of right side is guided upward. Relative to new position of rotor axis, now both masses did turn faster (BD, see dotted arrow) and will go on turning by this accelerated speed.
Mass right side ´hangs relative forceless within space´, just because its weight got compensated or at least reduced (see short arrow R2) by its inertia. This is still valid at the following, when rotor as a whole is allowed to fall down again. At F situation is sketched, when lastly that falling process is decelerated.
Deceleration force (VK, German Verzögerungskraft) again may not affect direct onto masses, but at (or nearby) axis. This axis then moves down slower than mass left side, so this mass slings down right side, practically like at radius becoming shorter - by its increased speed. This process results accelerated turning (BD, German beschleunigte Drehung, see dotted arrow) of rotor around rotor axis. When axis came to its lowest (original) level, all masses have to turn around axis by same speed - and now are turning essentially faster that at D, before rotor got lifted and lowered.
Side-Effect additional Turning-Momentum
Once more is stated, there is no difference between both cases (system with not turning rotor and system with turning rotor) concerning lifting and lowering of masses. Invested energy for lifting indeed results corresponding higher level of masses, thus increased potential energy, however at second case both masses are not lifted likely.
When rotor is falling down, at both cases potential energies are transferred into kinetic energy of downward movement, however at second case again not equal spread at both masses. If now falling process is braked down, at rotor axis come up forces exactly corresponding to energy for lifting masses. So far, this process really corresponds to previous ´zero-games´.
Really, in addition however, turning of rotor got accelerated at upward-acceleration and even stronger again by deceleration of downward-motion (thus after phase of free fall). At both cases, rotor axis is accelerated resp. decelerated counter gravity vector.
Both masses aside react different on vertical shifting of rotor axis, just because gravity affects onto mass moving down and its inertia is vectorially adding, while gravity forces at upward moving mass is reduced by its inertia.
Every wheel with axis moved in space shows potential difference based on speed-differences of its masses. These differences however are only to use, when inertia is overlaid by gravity and axis is accelerated or decelerated in direction of gravity, thus if axis is guided vertical up and down.
Then these different resulting forces produce effect, downward moving masses sling down below rotor axis and correspondingly mass wandering upward now is slinged around over rotor axis. At rotors like these, masses should be installed rather far outside, preferably ring-shaped, so inertia of turning movement is most strong. Most effective all times are parts of masses momentary aside of rotor axis (while masses upside and downside are lifted and lowered like rotor axis).
At rotor axis affect forces for lifting of masses and for deceleration of falling motion as well - thus like at previous ´zero-game´. In addition however there are affecting really additional forces, which lastly represent usable turning momentum of machine. Previous slinging-down of left mass below rotor axis, and slinging-up of right mass over rotor axis, both affect pressure onto rotor axis and each into direction down-right. So in addition to previous acceleration and deceleration forces into vertical direction, now rotor axis affects counter-pressure onto its own support, diagonal downward right side, i.e turning momentum at system shaft.
Construction
This principle of movements and usage of inevitable acceleration of rotor turning is to realize by different techniques. At picture EV GM 216 one version is shown as an example, left side by schematic cross-sectional view and right side by longitudinal view through system axis.
In principle are used constructional elements already mentioned. Central gear corresponds to previous Rhönrad (picture EV GM 212): rotor-arm (RT, blue) turns steady around system axis (SA) and is fix installed at this shaft. Within rotor-arm now however is no eccentric opening, but instead of ´eccentric wall´ now a gear rim (ZK, German Zahnkranz, light blue) at rotor-arm is installed eccentric (thus concentric to eccentric axis EA).
Rotor (RO, red) in principle is build by two rings, which are connected by spokes. Outer ring represents effective mass (WM, German wirksame Masse, dark green). Inner ring is build as a gear-wheel (ZR, German Zahnrad, light red), which rolls within previous gear-rim (thus a gear analogue to upside picture EV GM 211 at B). This gear-wheel has a central opening, so it never comes in contact with system shaft (so rotor can move free within gear-rim, e.g. also can run ahead little bit).
These constructional elements are arranged aside each other at system axis, like schematic shown at longitudinal view. Aside of disc of rotor-arm (RT) gear-rim (ZK) is installed, eccentric to system axis (SA). Within gear-rim, gear-wheel (ZR) of rotor sits resp. rolls. Inner ring of rotor and spokes of rotor again are installed aside of gear-wheel. Also right side of rotor is installed second gear-wheel, which sits within second gear-rim of second rotor-arm (in order to achieve symmetric bearing).
System will turn better, if several of these modules are installed at system shaft. At longitudinal view e.g. is sketched, how tow modules are installed within housing (GE, German Gehäuse). Rotor left side sits with his gear-wheel at ´valley´ of its gear-rim, while rotor right side is at it upper position, as this gear is shifted by 180 degrees.
This animation shows how inner ring of rotor (red) is lifted within rotor-arm (blue) and lowered again, practically like at previous Rhönrad. Each supporting point thus is accelerated and decelerated within space, into horizontal direction - with previous described effects (see picture EV GM 210). For better transmission of turning momentum now here however that gear-transmission is installed (practical like upside at picture EV GM 211), which however should be well constructed, e.g. by diagonal teeth.
Different to previous Rhönrad now here effective mass is arranged far outside as outer ring of rotor. Only these masses aside of axis result additional turning momentum when masses are lifted or their falling down is decelerated - as discussed in details. Rotor as a whole swings around system axis, and each masses aside of supporting point are most effective. Rotor in general is turning in relation of radius of gear-rim and gear-wheel (at this animation little bit too fast), however some times is running little bit ahead of turning of rotor-arm.
This construction is in stabile status when resting. As soon however turning got started, system accelerates turning by itself. Acceleration however will end when masses no longer can fall down free but practically are pressed down. So these wheels will drive relative slow (like e.g. described and calculated at some other chapters). Performance of this machine is determined by relation of lever arm of central gear (radius of gear-rim) and effective masses (outer diameter of rotor) and effective masses installed there.
Importance
With these principles of construction, pure mechanical perpetuum mobile becomes true taking input only from gravity, which everywhere and all times ´works´ for free. This natural force however is only usable if its balance is broken. This is possible, if overlaid by inertia, which reduces gravity weight when masses are lifted (or even compensated for short moment). Only by acceleration of rotor axis versus direction of gravity (upwards and especially by deceleration of downward motion) resulting potential differences are to transfer into additional turning speed - which by specific gears is to draw off system.
This solution does not contradict laws of energy constant. Only intermediately gravity is ´protected´ - like used since long times at every ship or as lifting forces at any wing. New only is, that gravity forces are to transfer into turning momentum by pure mechanic constructional elements.
This ´invention´ is not new, as already in 1712 Bessler had build similar wheel. New only might be, now first time general motion process and occurring effects are described precisely.
Important however this invention could be for decentralized power supply, as practically everyone can build home-power-station by himself. Most important however will be, this simple mechanic machine demonstrates, ´perpetuum mobile´ are possible in general. So one will finally realize, false interpreted energy-constant no longer can be mental limitation. So very soon many other solutions at most different subjects of physics will come up, for solving energy problem (and some already are mentioned at this website) and far beyond.
However, also this gravity-motor is to build in many versions, some of are discussed at following chapter Gravitymotor with variable Spokes.
Evert / 20.03.2006
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