Picture EV PRM 01 shows essential constructional elements of Rhönrad-Motor. Ring shaped rotor (RO) rolls alongside round track (EW), which eccentric is arranged within rotorarm (RT, German Rotorträger). Rotorarm turns around system axis (SA), so effective mass of rotor is lifted and lowered during motion´s process. Turning speed of rotor varies. Decisive effect is, rotor is ´rolling up hill by own force´ (based on phasewise increased kinetic energy of inertia of its own turning).

Up to now, unfortunately no physicist did take chance to check out this motion´s process honestly. Because this wheel is to build rather large, also no handcraft did construct this machine. Nevertheless I am convinced, this concept well would work. However problem might be, completely free running rotor will turn not all times fitting speed, so contrary swinging moments could come up. Now new version practically is ´inverse Rhönrad´ and coordination of motions of rotor and rotorarm is improved.

At Mechanical Gravity-Motor, essential effect is drawn off kinetic energy of free fall, where this energy primary is transferred onto opposite mass and only secondary supporting weight of a ´seesaw´ is used for turning momentum. Kinetic energy thus remains within rotor masses, only side effect of energy-transfer is to take off system.

Questionable phase is deceleration of free fall. If this act occurs ´timeless´ by impulse, energy gets lost. If this act is cushioned, problem is correct timing and behaviour of springs within different phases.

At picture EV PRM 02 essential constructional elements of Mechanical Gravity-Motor are shown. Rotor (RO) is effective mass (WM, German wirksame Masse). This is beard most labile by two joints with ´crank-discs´ (KS, German Kurbelscheiben) within beam-shaped rotorarm (RT), which is turning around system axis (SA). By room-to-move within joints, phasewise free falling is possible, on the other hand forces are transferred onto opposite masses and onto rotorarm as well.

At this picture rotor is drawn circle-shaped, at later discussions rotor preferably was beam-shaped with effective masses at each ends. Now it seems, ring-shaped arrangement of masses could work better. So present concept now again works with rotor-wheel resp. -ring and only one of these crank-disc-bearings is used. So coordination of diverse motions is more simple and more stabile.

Constructional Elements
Picture EV PRM 03 shows essential elements and motion´s process of Pendulum-Wheel-Motor in principle. Within housing (here not drawn) system shaft (SW, German Systemwelle) is beard turnably. Eccentric at this shaft is fix installed a disc, here called rotorarm (RT, German Rotorträger). System shaft plus rotorarm practically are a crank shaft.

Again turnably around that rotorarm, again eccentric is beard a disc, here called pendulum-disc (PS, German Pendelscheibe). Around this pendulum-disc free turnable is ring-shaped rotor (RO), concentric to axis of pendulum-disc.

Fulcrum of ´pendulum´ thus is guided by rotorarm at circled track. Thereby, pendulum can swing free around axis of rotorarm.

At this picture at A, rotorarm (RT) shows upwards and pendulum hangs down vertical. At B, system shaft did turn around its system axis (SA) by 90 degrees (here always assumed counter clock-wise). Rotorarm resp. its eccenter-axis (EA) show towards left side. Pendulum swings around this eccenter-axis some further outward left side. Centre of pendulum-disc same time is turning axis of rotor (RA).

At C rotorarm shows downward, also pendulum and rotor did take most lowest positions (marked by vertical line). At D, rotorarm shows to right side and again is pointed out, how pendulum plus rotor swing some further out right side.

Pendulum-disc is to construct light, while heavy rotor-ring represents effective mass. Radius of crank-disc and rotor here are drawn by relation of one to three. Distance between rotor axis (RA) and eccenter axis (EA), practical length of pendulum-arm, here is drawn double as long than distance between eccenter axis (EA) and system axis (SA), practical eccentricity of rotorarm resp. length of crank-arm at that crank-shaft.

This animation shows motion´s process. Eccenter axis of rotorarm turns steady around system axis. Pendulum hangs downwards, while rotor axis swings some outwards to and fro. Black line marks pendulum swinging, here however some overdrawn.

At rotor are marked two positions by black lines, so ´own-turning´ of rotor around its rotor axis is to see. Revolutions here are chosen that kind, at one full revolution of system shaft (resp. rotorarm), rotor turns half revolution.

This animation also shows, masses are situated rather downside all times. Even rotorarm shows upwards, masses of rotor are shifted rather flat from right to left side. Masses of rotor fall from upside-right towards downside-left practical ´through system´. This two-part pendulum comes into stretched position rather early left-side down, while pendulum right side ´folds up´ rather early.

Two-part Leverarm-System
At picture EV PRM 05 this double-pendulum-wheel-system is shown schematic. At the one hand exist system shaft and rotorarm. Distance between their axis, between system-axis (SA) and eccenter-axis (EA), represents a lever arm (H1) turning steady around system axis.

At the other hand exist pendulum-disc swinging around rotorarm, so distance between their axis, between eccenter-axis (EA) and rotor axis (RA), also represents a lever arm (H2), swinging free around eccenter-axis.

At A are drawn situations when eccenter-axis turns rather slow around system axis. Pendulum then shows straight down all times, so rotor axis also moves at circled track. At B are drawn corresponding positions while upper part, at C while downside part of circled track.

At D is assumed, eccenter-axis turns some faster around system axis. Pendulum then would swing some aside towards left and right like any normal pendulum. Each half of track of rotor-axis again is drawn at D and F schematic.

At G is assumed, eccenter-axis turns even faster around system axis, i.e. rotorarm shows faster revolutions. Fulcrum of pendulum not only is moved from left to right side and back again, but at circled track. While swinging to and fro come up different forces, if same time fulcrum is guided up and down. Rotor axis thus will not turn at symmetric but uneven track.

At H and I upper and lower part of that track is shown schematic. That track shows rather sharp bend upside-right, where angles between both lever arms become narrow rather fast. Mass of rotor won´t follow upward motion of rotorarm, but is pressed down by gravity, so mass early starts swinging inward. At H lever arms of this phase are drawn thick.

At the other hand, track downside-left shows dent, i.e. lever arms become stretched. Mass of rotor wants to continue falling motion, i.e. wants to move left-side-down, before swinging to right side. At I lever arms of this phase are drawn thick. Stretching there results turning momentum at system shaft.

This uneven swinging motions would already occur, if rotor mass in total would be concentrated at rotor axis resp. would be installed fix at this pendulum. Here however in addition, mass is free turnable around rotor axis, resulting additional effects.

Rotating Masses
At first, by picture EV PRM 06 is to remember at behaviour of wheel rotating free within space. Around rotor axis (RA) turns a wheel (red disc), where effective masses are arranged at its circumference. Four points (red) represent these masses. At A, red arrows mark inertia of each mass into tangential directions.

If now rotor axis is shifted towards left side, at first all masses are also shifted towards left, like marked by blue arrows. At B, black arrows mark tracks of masses while shifting (and blue arrow marks track of rotor axis).

Contrary moving mass (downside) is delayed within space resp. keeps nearby stationary within space. Likely moving mass (upside) is accelerated within space. Masses in shifting direction (in front and at backside) show only some change of direction. In principle, by this process is transferred kinetic energy from contrary moving (here downside) mass onto likely moving mass (here upside). Relative to rotor axis, all masses still are turning (nearby) unchanged.

At C now is assumed, rotor axis hits onto a barrier (H, German Hindernis) and thus motion towards left side is stopped, more or less hard. If wheel´s masses within space would not rotate, this process would stop any motion of masses, i.e. its kinetic energies would got lost completely (by tension of materials resp. by heat).

Quite different is result at this rotating wheel, like shown at D. Mass (nearby) resting within space (downside) is not involved by stop of rotor axis. Mass fast moving within space (upside) is forced to sling around (delayed or later stationary) rotor axis. Its kinetic energy of motion-ahead thereby is transferred onto other mass-parts. Thus only indirect (via rigid spokes or by rim), previous resting mass (downside) again turns around rotor axis resp. all mass-parts now turn around its rotor axis like before at A.

So kinetic energy of rotating masses at a whole is not bothered by (parallel) motions of its axis. Rotor axis is to move within space as we like it (accelerated or decelerated) and rotation-energies of rotor masses are still constant. Just this behaviour was aim of previous version of Mechanical Gravity-Motor, however will finally be achieved only by these free turning rotor masses.

Unchanged however is effect of deceleration of rotor axis: kinetic energy of motion ahead of all masses still affects onto previous barrier (resp. at bearing of rotor, i.e. here at pendulum resp. at rotorarm). These forces thus still are usable for turning momentum of system.

Rotating Rotoraxis
At this concept here, rotor axis is guided at a pendulum and turning point of pendulum is guided at circled track by rotorarm. At least at slow revolutions of rotorarm, also rotor axis moves at circled track (like discussed upside by picture EV PRM 05 at A). Rotor axis thereby is accelerated and decelerated all times, into vertical and horizontal directions same time.

At picture EV PRM 07 schematic is shown circle-shaped rotation of rotor axis, where one full revolution is drawn by four phases. At A, rotor axis moves at circled bow from 12- to 9-o´clock position, at B, C and D each further 90-degrees-turnings are shown, like marked by blue circled bows at each rotor axis.

There are drawn each four mass-points, turning around rotor axis. While one revolution of rotor axis at its circled track, mass points here for example turn by 90 degrees. By black lines are marked tracks, masses walk at each phase.

As rotor axis is moved at circled bows, analogue to previous discussion there are mass points becoming (nearby) stationary within space (mass points without black lines), each at ´inner side´ of bow. At the other hand mass points become accelerated within space, each at ´outer side´ of bow (mass points with large black lines).

Motions of different speeds and directions wander around at (ring-shaped) rotor corresponding to turning of rotor axis. Mass at each position shows corresponding behaviour, however each mass there is replaced by next mass-parts.

At A for example, all mass points downside-right are decelerated, while mass points upside-left are accelerated. There is no force demanded by system for acceleration of masses left side, cause they are accelerated automatic by gravity at this falling curve. Also deceleration right-side demands no forces by system, because upward-motion there automatic is delayed by gravity.

At B now downward-motion of rotor axis is decelerated, so mass points downside-left swing around rotor axis towards right side. This new motion of mass corresponds to actual motion´s direction of rotor axis, i.e. mass there pulls ahead rotor axis into turning sense of system.

At this phase, same time falling motion ends, so kinetic energy of previous falling masses pulls rotor axis towards left-side-down. Thereby results stretching of two-part leverarm-system, like mentioned above at EV PRM 05 at I. That´s why rotor axis of this system won´t move at circle-round track, but downside-left will show that dent, like marked here at EV PRM 07 at E by thick curve.

So at this phase B falling motion ends. As mentioned upside (and opposite to all previous concepts) by this deceleration of free falling, kinetic energy of self-turning of rotor masses not at all is reduced. Same time with that swinging around of masses left-side-down towards right side, all other parts of masses of rotor are accelerated into turning sense of rotor resp. thus also into turning sense of system as a whole.

Own-turning of rotor keeps on at following phases, where points of relative stationary and relative fast moving motions also wander ahead. At C for example is to recognize, mass right-side-up is accelerated rather hard upwards (compared with its position at B). Later at D, this part of mass is accelerated rather fast towards left side. Inertia like gravity resist versus these motions.

That´s why rotor axis won´t move at this circle-round track, but upside-right shows rather sharp bend (like here at E pointed out once more by thick curve). So leverarm-system right side, from stretched position will snap into narrow angles rather fast. Masses upside thus are guided most flat above system axis, practically starting next falling curve already upside-right.

Stabile Own-Turning
When starting system, system shaft and rotor same time are started turning into likely sense (resp. rotor will start likely turning automatic, if contrary motions mechanical are eliminated), however rotor turning slower than system shaft. At following picture EV PRM 08 is demonstrated, why own-turning of rotor (around its rotor axis) is steady.

As an example, four positions of rotor resp. of axis and leverarms are shown, where central blue area marks uneven track of rotor axis. At A rotor axis is positioned upside-left at flat part of this falling curve. At B and C are shown situations of rather stretched lever arms, downside-left and downside-right of rotor-axis track.

Upside at EV PRM 06 was mentioned, acceleration resp. deceleration of rotor axis affects all mass-parts, however mass-parts cross to motion´s direction are affected by most strong changes all times. Correspondingly here at picture EV PRM 08 mass parts are drawn (red points) which are positioned cross to each motion direction of rotor axis.

As motion of rotor axis and own-turning of rotor overlay, both speeds add at ´outer´ side of bow (of uneven round track of rotor axis), while speeds ´inside´ of bow are diminished. Turning direction of mass actually positioned ´outside´ is tangential all times, marked here by long black lines. Motion´s direction of actually ´inside´ positioned masses are different, depending on phase and relation of turning speeds, here marked by short black lines showing into different directions.

Opposite to previous example of linear acceleration / deceleration of rotor axis (at previous EV PRM 06), here changes all times occur at round tracks. Opposite to rotor axis moving at circled-round track (like at previous picture EV PRM 07 assumed at first), here all changes of speeds and directions (vertical like horizontal) of rotor axis occur at uneven track, thus not symmetric. So quite other effects will result than known at steady working rotor systems.

At phase shown at A rotor axis is positioned at flat, later increasingly more steep curve. Each outer mass (upside resp. left) is to accelerate there, however can follow rotor axis without problem because automatic accelerated by gravity at this curve of free falling, down to situation at B.

Each ´outer mass´ is not steady same part of rotor ring, but different ring-parts are actually at this part of motion´s track. Only parts cross to track of rotor axis represent actual outer mass and show this behaviour of movements.

At this phase naturally also inner masses are accelerated by gravity, however compensated more or less by contrary own-turning upwards. At B this ´stationary´ mass is upside-right, again however not any certain rotor-part did wander from downside-right quite up, but only each rotor-part actually situated there shows this behaviour of movements.

At area downside-left at B, leverarm system becomes stretched, i.e. downward-motion is decelerated strongly. Outer mass there is slinged towards right side, now practical around system axis, i.e. direct into that direction, rotor axis has to swing at the following. This mass (cross-outside) thus is not decelerated at all (like at previous barrier of EV PRM 06), each outer mass there can go on by its speed (accelerated by free falling) swinging towards right side.

At phase shown at C again some changes occur: gravity weights of total rotor masses at a whole want to take most possible deep position, so stretching of leverarm system ends there and pendulum arm shows downward more and more.

Different mass-parts of rotor show most different inertia: outer mass there still moves rather fast, while inner mass there is rather stationary. Inner masses build ´inertia-centre´ resting within space, around which outer masses swing upward.

This logic might seem strange, because normally any action needs reaction, any force demands contrary-force. Force for lifting outer masses here finds ´contrary-force´ by inertia of relative resting inner masses. By own-turning of rotor it swings (at least partly) upwards by its own. Mechanical changes of motions without stabile counter-part are well known, even within free falling: any cat and any high-diving-athlete knows these techniques.

Not only rotor axis, but also each inner masses thus build actual fulcrum for changes of directions of each outer masses. Even right-side-up at situation shown at D, this effect works once more.

Outer mass downside-right moves upward rather straight, where upward motion finally is decelerated and lastly stopped as eccentric axis reaches it uppermost position. Thus also upward motion of rotor axis is decelerated and again, each outer mass swings around relative resting inner mass. Rotor axis and outer mass there enter into new flat falling curve, i.e. outer mass at the following is accelerated by gravity.

Own-turning of rotor thus is accelerated on and on, however not unlimited. If own-turning of rotor becomes too fast, inner masses move at tracks of wider loops, no longer building previous centres of inertia of resting masses. So inner masses can no longer work as fulcrums. Depending on relation of lengths of lever arms thus system will find into optimum resonance of revolutions by its own.

Essential Effects
Rotor axis fall from upside-right ´through machine´ towards downside-left, first at flat, later at steep falling curve. Each outer mass thereby is accelerated by gravity forces.

By deceleration of falling motion downside-left, inertia of total rotor masses affects stretching of leverarm system. Via eccentric axis thus results strong turning momentum at system shaft. That deceleration of downward-motion however does not result deceleration of speed of each outer mass. Opposite, by own-turning of rotor also rotor axis is pulled into direction of following pendulum swinging motion, thus into turning sense of system.

As inner masses build relative stationary centres of resting inertia, at the end of swinging phase downside-right, outer mass slings around this fulcrum upward. Also upside-right, own-turning of rotor affects slinging of outer mass, and of rotor axis as well, into new falling curve.

Asymmetric motions process of this system thus demands less input of power for lifting masses than forces come up by deceleration of free falling, so this system produces surplus of turning momentum.

At this animation process of movements can be studied. Rotor is marked at three positions, so own-turning of rotor is to see. Relation of own-turning of rotor and revolutions of system shaft here for example is one to three. Rotor axis moves at uneven track described upside.

It´s obvious, marks of rotor do not move at simple circle track nor at simple pendulum swinging track, but masses swing at different wide bows (at each outer positions). Other mass-points move analogue kind, however some shifted versus tracks of marked rotor parts.

Also at steady rolling wheel, each mass-part moves by rather abrupt jumps, nevertheless all inertia forces are balanced in total. Opposite to normal running wheel, here however motion´s processes are not symmetric, thus also forces are not balanced at all. Downside-left affect most strong forces, eccentric to system axis, thus resulting usable surplus of turning momentum.

At different phases occur all times same effects, no matter which mass point actually takes this position. If pendulum swinging and rotor turning overlay harmonic, mechanical swinging circuit builds up. By taking off surplus of acceleration, system is to keep in steady resonant state of swinging and turning motions.

Calculate and Build
Optimum relation of leverarm lengths and revolutions could be calculated or to find by experiments. At picture EV PRM 10 schematic is shown a variation with minimum bearings and glide surfaces (left side by cross-sectional view, right side by longitudinal view through system axis).

Instead of large rotorarm-disc around system shaft, simple crank-shaft (KW) would do (like at any combustion engine existing of shaft, rod and crank-bearing). Instead of large pendulum-disc (minimum) three pendulum-rods (PS) could do (practical a star, beard eccentric, instead of connecting rod of combustion engines). At the end of each pendulum-rod could be installed cylinders as turnable bearing (RL) of ring-shaped rotor (RO).

Opposite to ´Bessler-Wheels´ this version probably could work already by small size. Effective mass here must not fall down whole diameter of wheel within one work-cycle. Based on rotating ring, mass of certain position is replaced all times by following parts of rotor. So relative small fall-height with corresponding short work-cycle will do and machine would rotate much faster than large Bessler-Wheels did.

At picture EV PRM 11 schematic is shown a version, where inner side of ball-bearing (KL, German Kugellager) is eccentric fix connected with system shaft (SW). This unit represents rotorarm (RT). At outer side of this ball-bearing again eccentric is fix connected with inner side of some larger ball-bearing. This unit represents pendulum-disc (PS). Outer side of this second ball-bearing is fix connected with rotor (RO). That rotor exists of a disc and its effective mass could be a pipe. Bearings should be symmetric and pipe could be much longer than drawn at this picture.

At this picture both leverarms are of same length, e.g. only 2 cm long. That´s to realize technical by ball-bearings of maximum 12 cm diameter, with pipe´s diameter of some 30 cm. System shaft might turn some 100 to 200 rpm, however rotor turning much slower.

This animation shows rpm-relations of four to one and relations of lever arms and diameters of previous picture EV PRM 11. By black marks are to study turning and swinging motions of elements. By real conditions, this wheel would turn some four times faster, so one would see only some ´trembling rotation´ or ´uneven swinging´.

Bessler did manage to make wheels run by itself. At phasewise free falling come up stronger forces than at steady (turning) motion. So there must exist solution for mechanical usage of gravity (as simple like using gravity by lift at any wing).

All previous solutions had problems with deceleration of free fall, because inevitably speed of effective masses is reduced to turning speed of wheel. However, previous example of stopping rotor axis of free turning wheel (at EV PRM 06) made obvious, deceleration of motion ahead does not bother rotation of masses. I did mention and use this ´phenomena´ already at earlier conceptions of rotor systems. Concerning Bessler-Wheels however, this effect finally is used consequently only by present conception of Pendulum-Wheel-Motor. Here speed is build up by gravity and will never got lost, as masses can go on swinging, not only around rotor axis but at long stretched tracks in turning sense of system.

Steady turning system shaft and thus guiding fulcrum of pendulum at circled track, resulting uneven and asymmetric swinging of pendulum, not affecting rotation of ring-shaped rotor masses, accelerated by gravity ... is this final solution? ... Critic comments and reports of experiments are welcome.

Evert / 13.11.2004