At earlier chapters Falling within Wheel and Fall-Curves were designed systems with two lever arms with joints gliding at arms for rotor arm. At previous chapter Visiting Bessler papers of Remote Viewing sessions were reviewed and some new points of view were detected, which are integrated at following concepts.
A viewer with technical knowledge did draw seven movable elements at centre of engine. From this idea, I deduced position of some 205 degrees (4/7 of 360) of both arms of rotor arm. An other viewer with obviously less interests at technology, did point out function of a ´final-part´. This element now is to integrate - so design of original wheel of Karl Elias Bessler alias Orffyreus should result.
Final-Part
At picture EV GM 50 at A schematically is show previous design. Around system axis (SA) turns rotor arm (RT), build by two arms with obtuse angles of some 205 degrees. At these arms can glide two joints (G1 and G2), at each joint ends an arm (H1 and H2). At other end of arms (by a connecting joint) effective mass (M) is installed.
At B now is shown final-part (AT, German Abschlußteil), schematically drawn as triangle, and at outer edge of triangle effective mass (M) is concentrated. At both inner edges of triangle, two joints (G3 and G4) are installed as flexible connection to lever arms (H1 and H2). At other ends of lever arms still are joints (G1 and G2), which can glide at rotor arms.
At position shown at B mass shows downward. Triangle of final-part is so narrow to build obtuse angles (at G3 and G4) to lever arms (at this arrangement).
At previous chapter was mentioned, turning of wheel is so slow not to use free falling but static un-balance of weights could be real effect of Bessler-Wheel. This unbalance would exist, if effective mass of final-part would be positioned at rather long lever arm (like at C) resp. at relative short lever arm (like at D).
Turning here is always assumed counter clockwise. Assumed is here also, wheel to turn rather slow, some 25 rpm, some 2.4 seconds each full turn resp. some 15 degrees each tenthsecond (1/10 of second here is named tenthsecond).
Inward Swinging
At picture EV GM 51 phase of inward-swinging of effective mass is shown by different positions, each after 15 degrees turning of rotor arm. At starting position (at A), mass hangs vertical below system axis. Based on inertia, mass will move some further to right side (B) by same arrangement of lever arms.
Then however (at C) weight is taken mainly by frontside lever arm (H1), i.e. mass (M) will hang vertical below frontside joint (G1), so at triangle-joint (G3) will exist stretched angles (some 180 degrees). Final-part (AT) swings back, backside lever arm (H2) will move (powerless) to left side, its joint (G2) will glide outward at rotor arm (RT). This swivel-movement is possible, cause at backside joint (G4) already obtuse angles did exist (which now got more narrow).
After further turning (at D) backside joint (G2) did come to its outer stop-point. So now, backside lever arm (H2) pushes final-part (AT) upward, i.e. mass is swiveled more inside - without loosing height. At following process (via E to F) final-part (AT) is ´inside-folded´.
This relative movement-backward could be ended at inner stop-point (AI, German innerer Anschlag). At previous chapters was mentioned, this back-turning movement should end into radial direction at its best, in order to avoid negative turning momentum.
While system goes on turning by some 60 degrees (this would take some four tenthseconds) effective mass is guided from its most long to most short radius. Further on, mass is guided to uppermost position by this ´inward-folded´ arrangement.
Falling outward
At picture EV GM 52 phase of falling-outward is shown, where effective mass comes to diverse positions at each longer radius (again by each 15 degrees turning). At A mass (M) is not yet at its uppermost position, finally at B will come vertical upside of system axis.
Starting at this position, frontside lever arm moves downward, cause its frontside joint (G1) at rotor arm (RT) glides outward. Other joint (G3) of frontside lever arm swivels to left side, so also mass. This first phase of swivel-outward is stopped, when frontside joint (G1) arrives at its outer stop-point (at C).
Backside joint (G4) then also will swivel outward, cause now also backside lever arm moves to left side, as its backside joint (G2) at its rotor arm (RT) glides inward (at D).
Mass comes to position at large radius, when both lever arms got into symmetric arrangement (at E). There, mass could hit onto an outer stop-point (AA, German äußerer Anschlag) - like Bessler probably had installed ´sand-sacks´, see previous chapter. Relative free falling would end and its kinetic energy is transferred onto system by impact right-angled to radial direction.
At following process, mass wants to stay most left, based on gravity and inertia. System of lever arms allows further stretching, when frontside joint (G1) again glides inward (at F). So rather late, mass comes to position with maximum distance to system axis. This arrangement of lever arms goes on turning until downmost position, i.e. back to starting position of next phase of swivel-inward (like at previous picture EV GM 51 at A).
Movement´s Track
At picture EV GM 53 left side at A are drawn 24 positions of mass (so after each 15 degrees resp. after each one tenthsecond). Area between minimum and maximum radius of effective mass is marked green.
Starting from 4-o´clock position mass is guided upward at short radius. At 12-o´clock, movement becomes much faster by falling outward of mass onto larger radius. After some four tenthseconds, nearby 9-o´clock, falling movement is stopped rather abruptly.
Mass then moves at circled track. Nearby 8-o´clock mass lastly falls outward to maximum radius. So mass moves downward by rather different steps (and several viewers described movements of this phase like falling-down stair-case).
Swivel-inward onto minimum radius, downside right, appears like ´rolling-in´ of mass towards upward (like several viewers did describe), i.e. mass there is guided upward rather vertical direction. Movements during these four tenthseconds is rather ´unsteady´, so ´soft´ motion only is achieved by optimum relations of lengths of all lever arms, adequate to turning speed (one viewer reported about Bessler´s stress, as engine did ´hop´ until right timing was installed).
Tough Blow
It´s reported credibly by eye-witness, Bessler´s wheels did turn astonishing slowly. Based at this fact, upside was concluded not kinetic energy of free fall would be main effect but static unbalance. Indeed, this picture obviously shows unequal spreading of masses resp. their positions while turning.
However when counting: ten positions are at downward phase, two positions direct obove and below system axis are neutral - however twelve positions are at upward phase. If effective lengths of each lever arm are added - left side and right side results same value.
So wheel is at static balance (and Bessler´s wheels did stand still, did work only after turning impact). Hundreds other conceptions show this ´obvious´ unbalance at first sight, by exact calculation however don´t result any turning momentum. So by this view, previous considerations are rather disappointing, like many other experiments too.
Impulse-Transfer
If however Bessler-Wheel did run, so usage of kinetic energy of free fall must be basis of decisive effect. It´s common understanding, kinetic energy rises by square of speed. Acceleration by gravity is ´for free´, so fast stop of falling at long lever arm must result surplus counter steady lifting masses at short lever arm.
Problem however is well known: by abrupt transfer of an impulse can resp. normally will energy ´got lost´. Bessler´s trick had to be optimum transfer of impact into turning momentum - and practically none of his epigones did achieve this result once more.
At picture EV GM 54 once more is shown phase of falling outward, thus in principle analogue to upside picture EV GM 52, with some changes.
Inward-folded position of lever arms will stay on nearby to position shown at A. Afterwards and increasingly, whole mass will weight onto frontside lever arm, i.e. frontside joint (G1) glides fast downward at rotor arm (RT), like shown at B. At stop-point there results first impulse, which however affects rather radial to system axis. Essential effect by this stop however is, mass abruptly will tilt over joint (G3) outward.
Movement downward of mass will change to essential acceleration of movement to left side. Joint (G4) of backside lever arm allows this swivel movement without problems, backside lever arm (H2) follows powerless this movement, as his joint (G2) glides left side down at its rotor arm (RT), like shown at C.
By this mechanism, dominant effect is not vertical falling of mass by gravity. By this mechanism, first impulse is used for resulting most high speed of mass towards down left side, thus to achieve best acceleration at rather flat parabola-fall-curve.
This falling diagonal towards down-left ends abruptly, when line between backside joints (G2 und G4) and mass (M) is completely stretched. Thus second impact results, by which is achieved positive turning momentum at backside rotor arm, at rather good angles.
Speed of mass still is higher than at corresponding circled track. Mass thus will affect additional impulse into tangential direction, via frontside lever arm and its joint (G1) onto rotor arm (RT), like shown at E.
Finally some later (at F) mass pulls symmetric at both lever arms, however still ahead to radial direction. Finally vertical downside of system axis, mass comes to its maximum radius.
At upside picture EV GM 53 at B this changed track of mass is shown. Acceleration to left side starts later (nearby 11-o´clock), outward-falling is strong, however ended after some three or four tenthseconds (while falling depths of 44 resp. 78 cm maximum is achieved). Mass near 9-o´clock comes from upside right, downward motion is stopped (with first part of impulse) and guided into circled track (with second part of impulse). Afterwards mass ´hopps´ further down outside.
Rising-upward is analogue to previous version, however mass is guided some longer than to 12-o´clock position at circled track of minimum radius. At this animation this movement´s process is visualized, where 24 pictures are shown each one tenthsecond.
Transfer of all Components
Stop of speed of (here limited) free fall sets free kinetic energy. This energy however may not ´escape´ into tension of material. Here impulse is transferred only partly into turning momentum at long lever arm (only outward-showing part of movement). Tangential-showing part of speed is decelerated by frontside rotor arm.
Decisive for transfer without losses are lever-arm-effects within triangle of final-part, especially obtuse angles between triangle and both lever arms.
Falling movement at wheel will show outward-down all times. Downward-component can be transferred into turning momentum, completely however only at 9-o´clock position. That´s why wheel has to turn slowly, in order to build up sufficient speed within this sector of some 90 degrees. The larger the wheel, the higher falling-depth naturally is usable. So height and time must go well together with revolution´s speed.
Outward-component of falling movement (so earlier or later movement into radial direction) is only to earn by few concepts, probably only by lever-arm construction, like for example shown by this final-part here. Again, right time and angles at moment of stopping this motion are decisive.
In order to generate kinetic energy by gravity, this wheel at first has to be started by impact (otherwise wheel is in static balance). Wheel then produces kinetic energy, by square of speed. Impact resulting of stop however must be earned ´soft´ for including all components.
After start, wheel immediately must be weighted in order to keep optimum turning speed. If wheel turns too fast, kinetic energy can not be earned, cause mass at upward phase stays at long radius much too long and falls back with negative turning momentum. Such impulses at wrong time will not only slow down system but result unsteady turnings and soon will stop wheel (cause wheel statically is always balanced).
Construction
At picture EV GM 55 is shown how Bessler-Wheel - by reports of Remote Viewers - probably was build. Final-parts upside schematically were drawn only as triangles, in reality these parts should have had round shape. Here these parts are drawn as rather large disks, however mass centre and position of joints are corresponding to previous triangles.
At A mass is positioned outside and at B positioned inside, by mirrored position of rotor arms. Arrows mark movement of moving outward resp. inward of disk, at the one hand by an outer bow, on the other hand by in-rolling bow, both movements taking some four tenthseconds. It´s obvious, by movement outward occurs acceleration (so high kinetic energy is achieved). If this energy is earnd within system without losses, it would serve for more than only lifting mass correspondingly upward. At least Bessler - by contemporary information - did manage this and viewers reported about without doubt.
Perhaps someone feels challenged to rebuild this design and to check out really this construction. Approximate dimensions are marked at C, deduced geometrically, as example.
Both arms of rotor arm (RT) should show angles of some 206 degrees. At rotor arms, joints should be allowed to glide within distances of 30 to 44 cm (from system axis). Both lever arms should be 55 cm long. Triangle should show two sides of equal length with about 21 cm and basis side of some 14 cm. Centre of mass should be guides at radius of 37 to 64 cm. Whole wheel then would have radius of some 90 cm.
Perhaps someone feels challenged to check out effective forces by mathematical calculations in order to find optimum relations. At least upside animation partly shows ´un-even´ process of movements (however likely described by remote viewers). This animation is based on pictures, which describe special section of movements each tenthsecond. In reality will exist more smooth transition of phases - and other relations of lever arm´s length could well be more effective.
Asymmetry
At the one hand, Bessler made secret about his constructions, on the other hand Bessler did hard job by construction (at least some) wheels turning both directions. If however wheel should work by turning only one direction, mechanism well could be asymmetric and probably would achieve better effects.
One possible variation is shown at picture EV GM 57. At this picture upside at A and B are shown previous designs with corresponding names of parts. Final-part (AT) in principle is triangle (M, G3, G4) with two symmetric sides. At A mass is positioned outside, at B mass is at inner position.
At this picture at C, now final-part no longer is drawn symmetric. Mass (M) is shifted some backward (in turning sense of system). Here as an example, final-part is drawn as right-angles triangle (with right angles at backside joint G4).
At this picture at D final-part is shown at inner position. Compared with previous designs, this arrangement shows larger difference between most short and most long radius of mass´ track.
At picture EV GM 58 this lever-arm-system is shown by diverse situations. At A mass did fall outward, backside joint G2 is at its inner stop-point. Now there exists obtuse angles at joint G4 and at this lever arm affects radial outward showing component of movement of mass. Deceleration of fall-movements weights pulling at backside joint G2 and affects pushing at frontside joint G1. So lever-arm-effect of final-part is improved.
By this arrangement, mass goes on turning downward, finally late downside both lever arms will come into symmetric position. At B, frontside joint (G1) did glide inside at rotor arm (RT), so mass now came to its outmost position of track.
At C is shown phase of inward-swivel of mass. Mass only hangs at frontside joint (G1), backside joint G2 can glide outward at its rotor arm (RT), there exists obtuse angles at joint G4.
At D phase of inward-swivel ended. Mass is hold by backside joint (G2) and thus did swivel more inside. By this in-folded arrangement, system will turn until uppermost position of mass.
As soon as mass partly weights pressing onto frontside joint G1, this joint will glide outward again at its rotor arm (RT). At E is shown this stretched arrangement of arms, where mass is positioned vertical upside of system axis.
By this stretching of arms, mass moves left side downward, thus is falling ahead of turning of system. This relative movement is stopped when frontside joint G1 arrives at its outer stop-point. So early starting of outward-tilting of mass, around joint G3, is released.
At F, backside joint G2 had turned upward, still positioned outside at its rotor arm. Mass merely lost height, but at this phase mainly moved outward. Finally at following moments, mass starts falling into position at A, as already discussed upside.
Constructional Variations
Bessler developed diverse variations of wheels, probably also by different conceptions. By his words, basic principle was absolutely simple and probably it was more difficult for him to hide effective principle by diverse additional constructional elements (e.g. external pendulums etc.).
Obviously however problem was right adjustment of all relations and connections. System had to be started by outer impact, then however had to be weighted for keeping optimum turning speed. If system turns too fast, impulses come too late and disappear. There will come up disharmonic counter-impulses and system will stop soon.
At the other hand, all lengths of lever-arms and angles between arms and joints must fit exactly. Nevertheless, by basic principle are to construct diverse variations, where effects are to optimise by asymmetric arms and positions of joints. Even hard impact (by abrupt stop of glide-movements) could be avoided by ´elastic´ crank-joints.
So it would be fine if previous considerations about original Bessler wheel would animate practicians to rebuild this engine or would stimulate theorists to check out best conditions.
Evert / 27.11.2003
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