In general wanted process is following: first, effective mass has to fall down free in order to accumulate high kinetic energy by faster speed than turning wheel, second, stop of free fall by redirection into circled track at wheel has to reduce speed in order to achieve positive impact resp. momentum in turning sense of system.
At previous chapter Falling within Wheel was developed a mechanism of leverarms, which gives opportunity for masses to fall free. Now here is to define more precise track of fall curve and usable conditions within turning wheel.
I don´t like it, cause others can do better, however some formulas and figures I´ll present here - without guarantee. I see my job to present critical considerations and extraordinary ideas, so others with other talents are stimulated to produce really useful engines.
Slow-Starter
So-called gravity constant is g = 9.81 m/s^2, so some ten meters each second-square, resulting steady acceleration, each second some further ten meters per second.
Achieved speed at free falling is v = g * t m/s, so after one second some ten meters per second - like hundredmeterathletes are able to run, some 36 km/h. Up to 100 km/h, equal to some 28 m/s, free falling body accelerates within less than three seconds - faster than sports cars.
Within fractions of first second however, it´s merely going ahead resp. downward. After each tenth second speed increases only up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ... m/s. Finally after one full second speed of some ten meters per second is achieved. At the following, 1/10 second is named tenthsecond.
Achieved distance (´falling depth´) is s = 1/2 * g * t^2 m. A body is falling down within first tenthseconds only at 5, 20, 44, 78, 122, 176 ... cm below starting level. Finally after first full second, body did fall down some fife meters. Afterwards, it´s going on much quicker, at following seconds down to 20, 45, 80 ... meters. Within wheel with diameter of few meters however, thus only very first tenthseconds are interesting.
At picture EV GM 40 at column T these first tenthseconds (1 ... 6) are marked. Aside, at column V are marked previous speeds (1 ... 5 m/s) by different lengths of arrows. At column S covered distances (5 ... 176 cm) are marked by cross-lines.
By these columns is pointed out, how slowly falling motion starts - how long it takes, until stationary ether-vortice-complexes come ahead resp. downward, based on gravity pressure. Such astonishing long times it takes to install all demanded balancing ether movements within wide surrounding areas. If however these new movement´s processes are installed within larger ether-volume, following acceleration comes ahead much easier and faster.
At this picture for comparison is drawn movement´s process of mass (M) at a wheel, turning around system axis (SA). Radius and turning speed are chosen thus, after 4 tenthseconds mass is guided down previous 78 cm (of free fall within same time).
Radius of wheel is 78 cm, circumference is some 490 cm, wheel turns 90 degrees while four tenthseconds, one full turn takes 1.6 seconds, speed of mass (M) is some 30 cm per tenthsecond, each tenthsecond is done a sector of 22.5 degrees.
At column H are marked levels resp. vertical distances, at which mass at wheel is positioned after each tenthsecond resp. is guided downwards.
By these conditions, relative lazy starting of fall motion gets obvious. Within first tenthsecond a body falls down by 5 cm, at this wheel is guided downward however 6 cm. Within second tenthsecond it´s 23 to 20, then 48 to 44, finally after fourth tenthsecond both masses did fall / were guided to same depth of 78.
Mass at wheel thus is pushed downward, faster than mass would fall by itself. Finally at fifth tenthsecond free fall overtakes wheel (122 to 108, thus by 14 cm), cause falling speed goes on accelerating, vertical speed at wheel however is reduced.
Connecting line (blue dotted) between free falling mass (at 5) and corresponding radius shows backward (in turning sense). If fall would be stopped there (mass is ´catched by lasso´, which is fixed at spoke), negativ turning momentum would result.
Slow Wheel
Fall curve should be more narrow, wheel should turn slower. This situation is shown at picture EV GM 41 (by some smaller scale).
Now wheel does 90-degree turning within fife tenthseconds, thus one full turn takes two seconds, turning within one tenthsecond thus are 18 degrees. Mass (M) at uppermost position is moving only some 25 cm each tenthsecond into horizontal direction. Lines upside at picture mark each of these distances.
At vertical column left side, again positions of free fall are marked each tenthsecond (1 ...6). Corresponding curve of free fall (FK, German Fallkurve) is drawn.
This track upside runs within circled track, moves outside after some three tenthseconds. Blue dotted lines between corresponding positions at circle and at fall curve after four, five and even six tenthseconds show ahead in turning sense.
If there free fall would be stopped, e.g. speed of free falling mass is reduced to angles-speed of wheel, positive impact resp. turning momentum is achieved.
Thus only by relative slowly turning wheel, by some two seconds each revolution resp. only some 30 rpm of wheel, free falling is to transfer into usable turning momentum.
Early Start
At previous chapter was discussed, process of free fall should start most early. If fall would be initialised already before position vertical upside of system axis, fall curve will stay longer within corresponding circled tack. This early falling is shown at picture EV GM 42.
Wheel there again is turning relative fast, 22.5 degrees per tenthsecond (like at uppermost picture EV GM 40). Start of fall now however is placed earlier one sector (0).
Instead of rising up by 6 cm at position vertical upside system axis, mass is falling already by 5 cm. Fall curve moves corresponingly steeper and longer within circle and finally moves outside after some four tenthseconds.
After four, five and even six tenthseconds connecting lines between corresponding points (blue dotted lines) show ahead in turning sense, thus stop of fall and redirection into circled track would result impact resp. positive momentum.
At picture EV GM 43 wheel is turning relative slowly, only by 18 degrees per tenthsecond (like upside at picture EV GM 41). Also here is assumed, fall motion will start already before 12-o´clock position.
Fall curve starts upside like before, however moves longer within circle, based on less speed into horizontal direction. Finally after six tenthseconds mass moves outside of circle, i.e. outside of radius of its starting position.
After five tenthseconds fall curve shows right angles to corresponding radius. If there e.g. fall would be stopped, impact resp. turning momentum would affect at best angles. Falling speed there are some 5 m/s while speed at wheel (of 78 cm radius) are only 2.5 m/s (two seconds each full revolution of 4.9 m circumference).
At wheel of this diameter, at some 30 to 40 revolutions per minute, free fall of mass is to transfer rather effective into impact resp. positive turning momentum.
Usable Tracks
At picture EV GM 44 these fall curves are drawn once more in order to define useful ´window´ resp. for better judgement about ´flight´, drawn by ´static view´. There are drawn all positions (of first five tenthseconds) of previous fall curves. Turning of wheel however is ´turned back´ each time, so movement of mass is marked relative to its starting position.
At A is shown track of first fall curve (analogue picture EV GM 40, with fast turning wheel, start of fall at 12-o´clock).
Mass flys outward into radial direction rather fast, after four tenthseconds track already shows backwards to radius. So this track probably is not very useful for earning positive turning momentum (only by design of later chapter).
At B is shown track of slowly turning wheel (analogue second picture EV GM 41). Fall curve stays within circle for short time, mass is running ahead of corresponding radius. After four or five tenthseconds, by stop of free fall could be achieved positive effect.
At C is shown fall curve of fast wheel with early start of fall (analogue to previous picture EV GM 42). Here, fall curve moves deep into circle, showing radially outside after four tenthseconds. Mass runs ahead starting point some 20 degrees, so reduction to angles speed of wheel will result positive effects after four or at least five tenthseconds.
At D is shown fall curve of slowly turning wheel with early start of falling (analogue to previous picture EV GM 43). This fall curve runs within circle for long times, mass is running far ahead. After four to five tenthseconds mass is positioned right angles in front of start radius. Stop of fall there would result rather positive turning momentum.
In summary, these drawings of fall-tracks confirm, early start of fall offers positive possibilities and positive effects are only to achieve by relative slowly turning wheels.
Necessary Clearance
At previous chapter, leverarm-system with two joints was shown, which allows early start of fall. In addition, this concept offers necessary clearance for diverse fall curves.
At picture EV GM 45 at A corresponding drawing of previous chapter (there picture EV GM 33) is drawn once more (this ´cloud´ of movement´s area is not quite correct, in reality these borders are circled bows around inner and outer stop-points).
Both arms of rotor arm (RT) here for example show obtuse angles of 205 degrees. Joints (G1 and G2) are allowed to glide at rotor arms within certain distance. Clearance of movements of both lever arms (H1 and H2) is marked by light yellow. Clearance of movements of mass (M) is marked green.
At this picture at B this area is drawn once more. In addition now are drawn fall curves with early starts, corresponding to previous picture EV GM 44 at C and D. Marked by dotted lines is also sector from most backside to most frontside position with some 40 degrees (relative to system axis SA).
Each fall curve will leave this area of possible movements at any borderline. Fall curve C leaves this area radial to system axis, deceleration of fall there would pull at both arms with same amount, thus no positive effect is achieved. Fall curve C does start early, however at wheel turning too fast.
Positive Window
Fall curve D starts also early, however at wheel turning slowly. This curve leaves ´green area´ left side upwards (this means outside-ahead). Stopping this movement-ahead of free fall (short time before fifth tenthsecond) would result positive effect.
At this picture at A, this ´window of positive effect´ is marked yellow (sector with mark H2). If fall curve (FK) is stopped at this borderline (between E and F), backside joint (G2) is positioned at its inner stop-point. Impact of deceleration (dotted arrow) there mainly is transferred onto rotor arm (RT) via backside lever arm (H2).
Without positive effect however would be stops of fall, if frontside joint (G1) is positioned at its inner stop-point. Just this occurs if wheel turns too fast, like at previous fall curve C. Opposite, at wheel turning too slowly, fall curve would leave this area at inner borderline without essential effect.
Here are marked lengths of arms and distances (resulting of drawings) with demanded conditions (other relations however could be even better). Starting point was wheel where mass started free fall at radius of 78 cm. Maximum distance between system axis and mass then would be some 93 cm. At rotor arms are inner stop-points near 37 cm, joints from there can move outward further 37 cm to outer stop-points. Both lever arms are 101 cm long.
When leaving area of free movements, mass will fall by speed of some 4.8 m/s. Impact of stopping fall will affect at effective lever arm (dotted green line) of some 28 cm. This point moves by some 0.8 m/s into direction of fall curve. Difference of these both speeds results amount of positive turning momentum.
Process of Movements
At picture EV GM 46 this lever arm system is shown by diverse positions (after each 36 degrees turning). Starting position (0) is situation of previous picture.
After 36 degrees turning, frontside joint did glide outward, also backside joint probably could have left its outer stop-point.
After 72 degrees turning, joints did glide ahead-downward at rotor arms, following resp. allowing fall curve of mass. Glide-movement of backside joint now is stopped at its inner stop-point abruptly. Mass swings around this stop-point ahead-right, so e.g. after 108 degrees turning both lever arms are positioned at frontside stop-points, mass got redirected into circled track.
At this circled track mass will move into its downmost position, like here e.g. shown after 180 degrees of turning. Mass wants to move further on downward-outside. That´s why frontside joint now will glide back again to its inner stop-point, e.g. after 216 degrees turning.
As soon as no more pulling forces affect at backside lever arm, but pressure (based on weight of mass) will come up, backside joint will move outward, backside lever arm e.g. at 252 degrees turning will avoid this pressure.
At some 288 degrees turning, both joints are at stop-points now showing downward. By this arrangement lever arm system will move back to uppermost (starting) position.
This animation shows this process of movements, by 20 pictures and intervals of each ten tenthsecond. Imagine height of whole wheel some 2 m.
Rotor arms turn by constant speed, easy to see. Hard to see however are movements of lever arms and mass. Only when concentrating at one element, one can follow process described above.
Five Phases
At picture EV GM 47 these 20 positions of mass during movement´s process are marked, each position after ten tenthseconds, as marked at comparison-circle. Early starting position (0) is some right of 12-o´clock-position. Five phases of process are marked by different colours.
First phase is section of free fall with its steady acceleration in vertical direction. Free falling takes little bit longer than four tenthseconds.
Just before fifth tenthsecond, free falling will end. There is second short phase of essential deceleration, where mass swings around inner stop-point of backside joint, mass moving downward-ahead. There exist strong pulling forces at backside lever arm and strong pushing forces at frontside lever arm.
At third phase, mass will come to circled track, until tenth tenthsecond. Mass is positioned already right side of system axis. During this first ´halftime´ (first second of two seconds each revolution) mass did move 215 degrees, thus did run ahead of rotor turning and is near frontside border of movement´s section.
Relative turning-backward is done within fourth phase downside right. Near 13. tenthsecond, mass will come to its outmost track point, as both lever arms are positioned at their inner stop-points. Afterwards, backside joint will glide outwards, mass swings back again to radius of starting position, nearby 15. tenthsecond.
During fifth phase, mass is guided back up to its starting position, by same arrangement of lever arms, again at circled track.
Result
By these considerations, ´window´ of positive effects is defined more precise. Depending on aims, other relations of lengths of lever arms and time sections might be better. This wheel discussed here, would be some two meters high and could use fall during some five tenthseconds. If instead of fall-height of theoretically 122 cm within five tenthseconds should be used 176 cm during six tenthseconds, wheel would demand diameter of some 3 m.
Naturally it´s still question, whether or not this wheel should turn by itself - like Bessler´s Wheel did. So it would be interesting at this state of consideration to Visit Bessler.
Evert / 12.11.2003
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