At previous chapter Mechanisms was considered, for steady turning is not useful any static un-balance, but impulse is to achieve by īmass-growthī of free falling. These points of view are detailed by this chapter here.
Circle or Parabola
At picture EV GM 30 at A is drawn mass (M) which is guided circle shaped around system axis (SA). At this track (dotted circle) mass is accelerated and decelerated diverse kind. Movement in horizontal direction is decelerated until position C, accelerated in vertical direction. From there to position D, movement in vertical direction again is decelerated, in horizontal direction is accelerated. At upward-phase of movement, accelerations and decelerations change analogue.
If however mass at its uppermost position is allowed to fall free, mass naturally would not fall down at circled track but at track parabola-shaped. Mass would keep its speed into horizontal direction and same time would be accelerated steady into vertical direction. Starting with relative high speed, mass will fall outside of corresponding circle into direction G. Starting with less speed, mass at first will fall within corresponding circle and some later will move outside of circle into direction H.
Useful track schematically is shown at B. Mass should stay rather long at fall curve (K) within corresponding circle. By redirection into circle-shaped track section (L), speed of mass is reduced, resulting impact into turning sense of system (here always assumed counter clockwise). Mass afterwards at upward phase (N) should be guided at most short lever arm, thus most near to system axis.
Glide and Tilt
Lots of experiments were done and many īPerpetuum-Mobileī are known, where masses are falling - unfortunately however wheels not go on steady turning nor achieving usable energies. At picture EV GM 31 at A schematically is shown one of commonly used principles of movements.
Rotor arm (RT) is beard turnable around system axis (SA). At rotor arm (RT) masses (M1 and M2) are installed that kind, masses can glide some distance alongside rotor arm. At A, both masses are positioned each right side, at B rotor arm did move to horizontal position, afterwards masses glide down at sloped surface and at C got to left side.
Grave disadvantage of this principle is, masses fall down from achieved high level to deeper level. So potential energy gets lost - without possibility to earn corresponding kinetic energy.
At this picture at second row (at D, E and F), rotor arm (RT) is drawn at same positions like above. However, now mass (M) is guided by two arms (H1 and H2). Backside arm (H2) weights at joint (G2) fix installed at rotor arm. Frontside arm (H1) weights at joint (G1) which can glide at rotor arm some to and fro.
Opposite to previous principle, here mass at its uppermost position tips over ahead in turning sense of system. Already at horizontal position (B) of rotor arm, frontside joint (G1) glides to left side, so mass relativly free can fall ahead downward.
At this example however, free falling ends already at F. Nevertheless by this tip-over of masses, here potential energy of high level gets lost and itīs transferred to kinetic energy, usable in turning sense of system.
Slope Solution
Thinking ītechnicallyī, we commonly are fixed to think by circles, straight lines and right angles. It demands efforts to think by ībended curves, slope lines, oblique-anglesī. So following considerations might be hard, however essential mental step ahead.
Arrangement at picture EV GM 32 at A corresponds to previous concept. Mass (M) is guided by two arms (H1 and H2) weighting at joints (G1 and G2). These joints again are mounted at rotor arm (RT), which can turn around system axis (SA).
Opposite to previous concept, now both arms of rotor arm show obtuse angles.
By static view, frontside joint will glide to left already at position of rotor arm shown at A. Thus tilt resp. free falling of mass would start early.
By dynamic view however, mass will move further up (B) based on inertia, or free falling could lastly start at position shown at C.
In order to point out this kind of movement, at D this position is shown once more (backside arm of rotor arms shows horizontally to right side). Frontside joint (G1) can glide left side down, so mass can enter fall curve ahead downward. At E, frontside joint arrived at outer stop, mass did move rather near to system axis (i.e. fall curve is far inside of corresponding circle).
At this position, at previous concept free falling did end, much too early. Thatīs why also backside joint (G2) should be able to glide at its rotor arm. At F situation is shown, where backside joint did move to its inner stop. Mass now did move off system axis (i.e. mass could go on falling outward).
Free Motions
At this kind of mechanics, itīs similar to fluid-technology: fluid (here effective mass) must be free to move in order to find optimum way by itself (here falling curve depending on starting speed). Freedom is to limit only within decisive short moments in order to achieve effects wanted.
At picture EV GM 33, frame of possible movements (M) of effective mass by this concept is marked.
Joints (G1 and G2) are allowed to glide on rotor arms, however limited by inner and outer stop. Starting from these stop-points, both arms (H1 and H2) are drawn at each four positions. These are border-stones of possible area of movements (green area) of mass.
As joints can take any position between their stop-points, mass theoretically can take any position within this area. By dotted line is marked that sector, within which mass can move, i.e. how far mass can run ahead or stay behind of rotor armīs turning.
Free and Limited
At picture EV GM 34 this construction is shown by diverse borderline situations. Starting point (A) is position of rotor arm of previous picture (frontside rotor arm (RT) shows to left side, at direction near 9- or 8-oīclock). Each section of possible movements are marked by dotted lines.
At this starting situation, mass (M) is right side up, at backside of movementīs section. There or short time later, free falling will start by tip-over of mass towards ahead downward, based resp. allowed by gliding outward of frontside joint (G1) at its rotor arm.
At B this joint arrived at its outer stop, rotor arm shows to 7-oīclock. Mass did fall ahead within system, now is positioned at centre of movementīs section.
Mass can go on falling free, cause now (or some earlier) also backside joint (G2) at its rotor arm glides downward. At C this joint did arrive at its inner stop. Mass thus did fall to frontside border of its movementīs sector.
Now falling did end, mass canīt fall faster than backside joint moves downward. Mass swings around backside joint (G2) into direction of frontside joint (G1), pushing this ahead in turning sense. Speed of mass is decelerated correspondingly, difference of speeds affects impact in turning sense of system.
At further turning (D), mass will take its downmost position. There, also frontside joint (G1) did glide back to its inner stop. Mass again is positioned at centre of movementīs section. Mass moves at circled track around system axis some short moments, at most large radius.
Mass wants to stay at downmost level, based at gravity weight and inertia. Mass thus is pulling more and more at frontside joint, resp. mass will soon affect pressure onto backside joint. Near position E, thus backside joint (G2) will glide outward at its rotor arm. This joint thus affects no counte-pressure, so mass can swing back.
Mass will arrive at backside border of movementīs section at position F. By this arrangement of arms, mass will move back again to uppermost position A. Also at this phase, mass moves at circled track around system axis, however at rather small radius.
Potatotrack
At picture EV GM 35 at A, previous six positions of mass and curve of movmentīs track are drawn, some rough, some like contour of potato.
At B this track is marked some more precise, corresponding to twelve pictures of following animation. Distances between diverse points correspond to speeds at this areas.
Left side shows steady acceleration of free fall. Left side down, speed is reduced while redirection of fall curve towards right side. Downside, track shows some hump, based at mass falling down to larger radius and bending into circled track.
Downside right speed is slow, based on swinging-back of mass. Afterwards, mass is guided upward by constant speed. This process of movements is to see by this animation, however one has to concentrate at each single element.
Swinging back of mass right side down will cost no potential energy of level, cause this process occurs at lowest level resp. while mass still is moving upwards within this phase. However, relations of lever arms must be optimised in order to eliminate negative impact by back-turning mass (see previous chapter).
Result
At this chapter were shown some points of view, which probably were not considered at common experiments with self-running wheels. Gliding of both arms resp. joints at rotor arm only allows effective masses to move free, in order to fall really free and to achieve maximum kinetic energy. This aspect once more is to discuss in details by next chapter Fall-Curves.
Naturally there remains question, why wheel of this design should really go on turning. As everyone knows, no falling body did ever come back to starting level by itself. At the other hand, at previous chapters was pointed out, based at one causal force additional forces can come up. So by further chapters, also this question must be discussed again.
Evert / 07.11.2003
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