Caroussels in English are named ´Merry-go-round´. A reader of my website gave an interesting hint to a special one. EV MGR 01 shows construction of this caroussel in principle. Sytem axis (SA) somehow is inclined, correspondingly a turnable disc (on which one can stand). A ring (onto which one can hold) is fix connected with that disc. This assembly of turnable disc plus ring here is called rotor-arm (RT, German Rotorträger).If a person (M1) steps onto disc downside, system naturally is at stable status. If in addition a second person (M2) climbs upsite at disc, system will start turning, faster and faster, until one person will fall off apperatus.
That reader now asks, how bearings within housing (GE, German Gehäuse) could be constructed, what´s reason from steady acceleration, lastly how this construction could be used as Perpetuum mobile. These questions, at the following will be discussed.
Pendulum inclined resp. Seesaw turning
First ideas was, this system does show movements like pendulum, however with additional turning movement at circled track. At EV MGR 02 (upside by longitudinal view, downside by cross-sectional view of system axis) at first, system axis (SA) is shown vertically, turnably beared within housing (GE). Upside at system axis, rotor (RO) with its effective mass (MP) is hanged up, thus also turnably. A rotor-arm (RT) keeps mass off system axis resp. guides masses at circled track around system axis.
This system, after starting impuls, would turn steady on and on (friction ignored) resp. system is stable balanced at any position. So rotor-arm (RT) could show into any direction (not only cross-wise like shown at EV MGR 02).
At EV MGR 03 now system axis is inclined a little bit (also housing (GE), here marked only partly). Turning point (DP, German Drehpunkt) of rotor thus is positioned aside of center of rotor-arm (RT) resp. effective masses. Depending on position of rotor-arm (RT), masses will weight onto system axis and rotor-arm (RT) differently.
At most upside position (below at EV MGR 03, at position A), mass will weight maximum onto rotor-arm (RT) in direction towards system-axis, at downside position (at C) will last by minimum weight-component. Whenever mass is at positions between A and B resp. between D and A, its larger component of forces shows to left side, thus will effect turning momentum onto rotor-arm (RT).
Opposite to totally stable balancy of system with vertical system axis (EV MGR 02), now here is only one position stable: if effective masses are positioned cross to inclined level (at B and D). Masses at all other positions will make system turning resp. system lastly will swing and move into this cross-wise position.
This pendulum thus is guided at circled track, which however is an elliptic track (green dotted curve) in vertical view (thus in direction of gravity). Mass left side (at C) is not allowed, to swing out resp. up to starting level (of A).
As an example, mass can ´fall´ downwards increasingly faster from A to B. From B to C however, falling-downward speed increasingly is decelerated. Above this, mass there comes into flat section of elliptic track. So it´s not astonishing, person (M1) at deepest postition will fall from carussel sooner or later.
As persons re-act at unexpected movements and weights, their input of forces might easily produce impression of self-acceleration of this system most labile.
By conscious acting, system is easy to start and to accelerate, analog to behavior at a seesaw. Person downside of seesaw has to move its weight towards system axis, person upside of seesaw has to move its weight off system axis. Here at this merry-go-round, these actions (so quit opposite to situation shown at EV MGR 04) would also produce movements up and down, while system´s turning.
Additional degree of free motion
Question now is, how this system should be designed, so turnings are accelerated even by fix installed masses. Instead of possible movements of persons above, masses however will demand additional possibilities of movements. At EV MGR 05 one possible construction schematically is shown as an example (upside by longitudinal view, downside by cross-sectional view at system axis).
At middle of housing (GE), system axis (SA) is arranged. Around system axis, at first is installed an excentric ring (ER) turnably. Around this excentric ring, a rotor (RO) turnably is mounted at its center. So excentric axis (EA) is identical to rotor axis (RA). Effective masses (MP) are installed fix at rotor.
Depending on actual position of excentric ring and rotor, masses are positioned more near or far in relation to system axis. Here for an example, both masses are positioned most left. So by this indirect bearing of rotor around system axis, demanded possibilities for movements of masses are given.
At EV MGR 06 this concept is shown once more schematically, upside (at A and B) with vertical system axis, below (at C and D) with system axis some inclined. At the following, element marked by B is drawn while moving into several positions.
EV MGR 07 does show view upside-down in direction of system axis, thus also by view inclined. At A, masses are at starting position, thus shifted most left. Excentric ring and its excentric axis (EA) is positioned left to system axis (SA).
This situation is identic to position C of EV MGR 06. Mass left side is maximum low and mass right side is positioned higher. Rotor as a whole, thus did ´slide´ at most low position.
Mass left side, there is pulled strongly outwards by centrifugal forces and gravity forces as well. Also while turning further 45 degrees, this mass wants to remain at most long lever arm. Rotor therefor will pull excentric ring also into its direction, like marked at B.
While turning further 45 degrees, this mass still wants to move most outside, thus excentric ring again is pulled into direction of that mass, like marked at C. There however, rotor is positioned cross to inclined level (thus at balanced position mentioned above, however shifted some aside of system axis).
Mass opposite (right side), at the beginning positioned upside, meanwhile did fall downwards. Inertia and gravity forces vectorially are added to resulting force showing to left side. At least starting from C, this downward moving mass wants to come at larger radius. By these forces, rotor now will swing back excentric ring (thus from position marked at C via position D back to starting position at A). This back-swinging of excentric ring (and thereby lower level of both masses) could possibly start earlier than at position D resp. B.
Unregular track
Effective forces thus will effect swinging ahead and back of excentric ring. Masse will move not at circled track nore elliptic track. However a track will result like shown schematically at EV MGR 08.
At A is shown a view in direction of system axis, at B is shown sideward view to rotor level inclined. Mass at 1 is positioned high, mass at 5 is most low, so these positions of masses mark starting situation above.
Dotted circles are concentric to system axis. Comparison with inner circle does show temporary shifting of rotor towards low positions (left). Comparison with outer circle, points out track of masses. Central small black circle marks position of system axis. Grey small circles mark swinging of excentric axis.
Mass positioned most high (at 1) will move increasingly faster downwards at narrow circled track (via 2 until nearby 3). Afterwards, this mass will keep its falling downward-outward and thus wants to move at track of larger radius (via 4 to 5).
There, kinetic energy of that mass is maximum, so mass will stay at large lever arm (via 6 to nearby 7). This larger circled section corresponds to narrow circled section (from 1 to 3, of each opposite mass). Afterwards (upside of position 7) that mass is pulled more downward (via 8 to 1), partly by mass opposite (via 4 to 5), partly by own weight.
At this picture at C, relations of forces at downward-phase (from 1 via 3 to 5) are marked. Inertia forces (TK, German Trägheitskraft) does show downward-left, gravity forces (GK, German Gewichtskraft) steady shows vertically downward. Both forces vectorially will add to a strong resulting force (RG, German große Resultierende).
At this picture at D, relations of forces at upward-phase (from 5 via 7 to 1) are marked. Both forces, by vectorial addition will result a much smaller resulting force (RK, German kleine Resultierende). Analogly, centrifugal forces and gravity forces could be added.
Rolling rotor
Unbalancy of resulting forces produces unregular track of masses. Now it´s question, this unbalancy could produce self-acceleration. Before however is to check, if that ´rolling´ movement of rotor could be transfered into steady turning of a rotor-arm.
At EV MGR 09, rotor (RO) is drawn like a disc, effective masses (MP) are mounted fix at rotor. Like above, rotor is beared by excentric ring (ER) around system axis (SA), turnably resp. swivably. Positions shown here (A to D) correspond to positions of effective masses marked at EV MGR 07.
At an other level of system axis, rotor-arm (RT) is installed turnably around system axis. If this rotor-arm (RT) is connected with rotor by a bearing of same excentrity, unregular movements of rotor well are to transfere to steady turnings of rotor-arm (RT).
Therfore at rotor-arm (RT), a rotor bearing (RL, German Rotorlager) is to install, within which again an excentric ring can turn. This drive-ring (AR, German Abtriebsring) excentrically will support rotor, e.g. by a pin (RA, German Rotorachse). Like rotor can swing in relation to system axis, by this analog constructional element, rotor will be able to swing in relation to rotor-arm (RT), cause rotor-arm (RT) by itself is turnably around system axis.
Vertical wheel
Essentially is, rotor resp. its effective masses are not supported by rotor-arm (RT) direct kind. Also by this constructional design here, weights will hang down most low only at starting situation (thus only here masses completely weight onto system axis). In relation to rotor-arm (RT), weights at all positions could fall to lower level.
Nevertheless, central guidance of rotor at system axis could be neglected, so rotor is beared completely within rotor-arm. Above this, system not only could work by system axis inclined somehow, but also by horicontal system axis, thus as vertically turning wheel. This constructional possibility is shown schematically at EV MGR 10, upside by cross-secitonal view, below by longitudinal view of system axis.
Within housing (GE), system axis (SA) is beared turnably. At system axis, rotor-arm (RT) is mounted fix, practically two discs for symmetric guidance of rotor. Within rotor-arm (RT) are arranged drillings for rotor-bearing (RL), within which excentric rings of drive (AR) are turnably beared. Excentrically within these rings, rotor axis (RA) is mounted turnably.
As an ecample, rotor (RO) here is drawn like a ring, on which both effective masses (MP) are mounted fix. Thus rotor has no direct connection with system axis.
Positions marked here does show starting situation above, where effective masses are positioned at most low level and weight completely at rotor-arm (RT). Opposite to all ´Bessler-Wheels´ presented here, this bearing cross to each effective mass is quite new. This kind of bearing offers demanded possibility of movements, mentioned above. There still is ´only´ question, whether this system could work as Perpetuum mobile.
Questional answers
Without doubt, merry-go-round is a funny apparatus at any playground. Already by simple bearing with system axis inclined, it will produce surprising effects, based on high lability of system. Even persons only re-act on resulting forces, system can build-up fast turning speeds.
Without doubt, merry-go-round is to accelerate exctremly by conscious actions, where accleration is based on senseful input of energy.
If rotor by excentric gear is beared only indirectly around system axis, tracks of movements above (by senseful interaction of persons) not automatically not achieved, so effecting forces can not work like conscious movements of persons at (turning) seesaw.
Nevertheless masses automatically will move at tracks with differing radius towards system axis. Essentially is, mass at downward-phase can fall longer and to larger radius. Mass thus will come to high speed and does achieve high kinetic energy - while movement back upwards to original high level is done much slower.
So decisive fact could be, downward-curve does correspond much better to demands of free falling, as mass at constant turning wheel is allowed to ´fall´ down. Opposite, at upward-phase, mass mustn´t be accelerated likely, cause mass can fall inward to smaller radius (and back-swinging of excentric ring probably will start earlier than marked above).
Only at first half of upward-phase, mass is guided solely upwards. Already within second half of upward-phase, mass can fall down (compared with movement at constant radius), even here upward-movement still is dominant. So by this concideration, pure upward-phase is reduced to 90 degrees while falling-phase is stretched to 270 degrees of full turn. So really there are arguments for self-acceleration of system - it´s ´only´ question, these arguments hit.
At questions like this, all experts will answer: ´must be proved by experiment´. This time, I agree to this steady ´argument´. My argument this time however is, this concept doesn´t allow both effective masses to move independant of each other. So each mass won´t be able to move at optimum track. On the other hand, free possibility of movements demanded and shown above, won´t force a certain approach of movements thus might not be able to build-up mechanical swinging circuit. So these points of view are further to discuss.
Next however, again based at gymnastics apparatus of Rhönrad, according movements are analysed.
Evert / 28.08.2002
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