Extensive analysis to Bessler-Wheel are shown at this website and some designs are suggested for construction of Perpetuum Mobile. At chapter Mechanical Oscillating Circuits are shown points of view for building-up mechanical circuits. By a design corresponding to this animation, e.g. building-up of a swing could be represented.
An arm is turnable around system axis, a spring element is installed at outer end of the arm, so a second arm can swing towards outside and inside. Mass falls down left side and will tension the spring. When mass right side is guided upwards, relacing of spring will effect moving-inwards of mass. So a turning momentum will result and this looping-swing should turn on and on.
Up to now, none of my proposals are realized resp. I don´t know about successive rebuilding of Bessler-Wheel. So at early 2002, I followed advice of a colleague, every explorer should have to do make experiments by his own. As I have no craft skills in mechanics, I had to design a most simple model.
Basic design
Basic principle of design is shown schematically at picture EV GIG 80. A rotor-arm (RT, German Rotorträger) is turning (counter clockwise) around system axis (SA). This rotor arm can be disc-shaped or can be constructed by seperated spokes.
Rotor bearings (RL, German Rotorlager) are installed outside at the rotor arm, by which a rotor (RO) is mounted turnable. The rotor does show shape of an angled lever arm (HA, German Hebelarm). Outside at this lever arm, effective mass (MP, German Massepunkt) is fixed.
Instead of round spring element of animation above, here a spring element (FE, German Federelement) is used e.g. in shape of elastic bands. Supporting points (FL, German Federlager) of this spring, at the one side are nearby middle of this angled lever arm, at the other side some backwards at rotor arm, e.g. nearby next rotor bearing.
Here, only one rotor is drawn, naturally several rotors should be installed symmetrically at rotor arm. Here are drawn severals positions of effective mass, while rotor arm is turning. Green curve does mark track of mass. Dotted green circle does mark outmost track of mass, for comparison.
Movements process
This animation does show process of movements of effective masses resp. of eight lever arms at one rotor arm.
Mass left side falls down with accelerating speeds. Downside, mass is redirected to right side. Right side, mass is pulled onto smaller radius, thus moving upwards rather straight. Upside, mass moves rather slowly towards left side. Afterwards, mass is slinged outside and will fall downward again.
Different positions of each rotor are shown at picture EV GIG 81. Rotor arm (RT) is drawn in shape of eight spokes, at which rotor bearings (RL) are installed outside. Lever arms (HA) are swivable around these bearings. Effective masses (MP) are installed outside at lever arms. Spring elements (FE), at the one side, are mounted at middle of lever arms, at the other side, next rotor bearing will serve as supporting point (FL) of spring elements. Dotted circles do mark most inner and most outer track of mass points.
When mass is positioned most upside (at sector marked by A), weight of mass will push down spring, so spring is tensioned a little bit.
At following sector B, weight of mass increasingly is supported by rotor bearing, so spring can relax. So mass is guided outwards onto larger radius. However, mass will weight all time at both or one rotor arms.
Now mass can fall down rather free at parabel-shaped falling curve and will achieve higher speed than rotor bearings at sector C. Downside left, mass must be redirected towards right side. If this redirection should occure by pulling of rotor arm, negative turning momentum onto rotor arm would result.
By mounting of effective masses by spring elements however, free falling is reduced somehow and lastly limited by maximum tension of spring. So mass and kinetic energy of falling movement will weight nearby tangentially onto following rotor bearing. At moment of stop (when maximum tension of spring is given), supporting point of spring at middle of lever arm practically does mark turning point, around which mass is slinged towards right side.
At sector D, rather sudden redirection of mass from present downward showing track into circled track will occure. By that kind of redirection described above, a positive momentum is produced. At following sector E, mass will move steady and further on at circled track.
At following sector F however, mass will weight completly onto rotor bearing. Now, dammed-up tension of spring will be able to move mass onto smaller radius, counter decreasing centrifugal forces. Based on constance of energies, an accelerating momentum onto rotor arm will result, thus also positive in turning sense of system.
At sector G, mass will move upwards rather straight. There, spring can reduce its length to mimimum size. At sector H, mass will come to track of even smaller radius. Mass then will swing outwards to left side, spring is tensioned once more, as described above at sector A.
Working spring
At previous chapters of analysis to Bessler-principle was worked out, ´surplus´ of forces of downward moving masses should be stored for some time. Finally at upward-phase, tension of spring should be allowed to do workload, moving masses towards inside, thus producing positive turning momentum.
As spring elements, ring-shaped springs were suggested like at animation above, or some designs did use radially working springs. Here now, springs are fixed at supporting points of rotor arm, however behind each mass. So, tensioning of springs and also relaxation of springs will occure all times rather tangentially and rather outside at rotor arm, all times into direction of turning sense of system.
By angled shape of lever arms is achieved, direction of springs-movements are corresponding to these objectives, especially redirection of mass left side down does produce effect of forces wanted.
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Model construction
These expectations should be approved by building a model at my mini-workshop. So I constructed a mounting block by simple materials of hobby market. By ball bearing a shaft was installed with eight-edged ´hub´ (foto left side). At this hub eight pairs of spokes were installed as rotor arms. After starting push, this ´wind-mill´ (foto at the middle) did turn some five minutes, within my deep cellar.
Outside at these spokes, lever arms (by two boards) were installed turnably, by elastic bands tied to following rotor arm (foto right side). After starting push, also this ´wind-mill with threshing-arms´ did move rather impressive - each time some three minutes.
Theoretically expected effects did really occure: upside that lever arm was pushed down a little bit, did fall outside when moving downwards, downside was guided rather horicontally to right side, was pulled insides by springs when moving upwards.
Problem of that model however was, tensioned spring downside did pull up lever arm immediately. So energy was not stored intermediately, so couldn´t do workload finally at upward phase. So guiding-inwards of masses was much too early resp. morefold swinging of masses occured within one turn of system. Naturally, by these uncoordinated movements, that swing couldn´t come to automatically builded-up oscillations.
By tools available for me (simple elastic bands, only some few masses, especially no patience), I couldn´t manage that model steady turning as wanted. Nevertheless I am convinced, conciderations and claims above are correct. By better tools and equipments, materials and skills, these technical problems of coordinating lengths of lever arms, weigths and forces of springs etc. could be solved, e.g eliminating untimely back-swinging of masses by shock absorbers etc. Perhaps, there is a craftsman to make that model run.
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Occationally
Indeed, this model will spend energy - when buring at fireplace. However, before burning, this wheel once more should have opportunity to turn and swing ´wonderful´. So I installed these boards of rotors by their middle drillings into the rotor arms, thus practically showing a pair of lever arms same length.
When this wheel with these ´hangers´ is turned slowly, all lever arms will hang straight downwards. All boards will keep horicontal direction, turning once around their bearing while system turns one time.
As soon however, this wheel is started with some heavy push (like these fotos show, turning counter clockwise), strange and ´lively´ process of movements will result: these lever arms will rear-up ahead, fall downwards by shifted position, downside do swing back horicontally, moving upward-outside again. So these boards no longer will turn steady around their axis, swerving aside rather hard at downward phase. So asymmetry is given - for which I was looking all times.
This ´occationally´ swinging, found by intuitive playing with that model, naturally opened new points of view: it should be possible to make that wheel running by purely mechanical lever-arm-system - so without intermediate storage of energy by elastic elements. So I did construct one more model named Pendelum-Wheel.
Evert / 15.03.2002
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