At previous chapter Don Martin and Edge-Ring-Generator principle of movements was shown, where masses are accelerated by phases of redirection. There, solid bodies were used as effective masses and guided elastically. So it´s obvious to transfere this priciple to machines using fluids as effective masses, e.g. to design corresponding waterpowerstations.
Holding-back flux from time to time, here was detected to be essential principle also at Schauberger´s ´Repulsine´, shown e.g. at Backstroke-Turbine and also at Pulsation-Turbine, both using well known principle of ´Hydrostatic Ram´.
Based on these principles, here once more some designs of sensefull turbines are shown, one version of might run automatically by usage of lift by centrifugal forces.
Basic conception
At picture EV ERG 21 principle construction of a simple turbine is shown, upside by cross sectional view and below at longitudinal sectional view. Within a housing (GE, German Gehäuse) is an input area (EB, German Einlaßbereich) in shape of a round cylinder. Downside within that cylinder an opening is installed, through which water can move into a gap of a turbine wheel (TR, German Turbinenrad). This turbine wheel is turning, so afterwards water can flow out free through an outlet area (AB, German Auslaßbereich).
Upside already, water should enter input area tangentially, so whole water cylinder shall turn. Thus downside, water will flow out through opening into turbine wheel mainly in tangential direction. By senseful design of gaps within turbine wheel (here e.g. three versions of ´turbine-blades´ resp. vanes are marked), water flow will effect turning momentum onto turbine wheel.
By each phase, turbine wheel will take a certain volume of water, i.e. from time to time this tangential flow is interrupted. That high speed flow thus inevitably is redirected into circled track, i.e. waters downside within input area will turn much faster than upside. So movement of water as a whole is screw-shaped pulsating with downwards accelerated rotational speed.
Onto ´bladels´ resp. turbine-vanes thus will not only weight static pressure of water cylinder, but in addition kinetic energy of automatically accelerated rotational movement of water-masses. A constant pressure wave practically will exist within this input area, however asymmetric in vertical direction and increasingly twisted in diverse horicontal levels.
At previous chapter solid masses were redirected by one redirection-wheel (at most simple version). Here, this principle is transfered directly at usage of water as effective masses by that cylinder of input area plus that sideward turbine wheel. Naturally, this principle is to realize by more complex designs, adapted to charateristics of fluids and flux, with much better effects.
Edge-pipe-turbine
At picture EV ERG 22, once more there is a housing (GE) with an input area (EB). Here, turbine is installed concentric to input area and shaft of turbine for example reaches upwards through whole input area. Turbine wheel (TR) now shows blades resp. vanes resp. openings, through which water can flow out into outlet area (AB).
At my Fluid-Technology (among other things) is described, why water can flow through edged pipes (with rounded egdes) by few resistance. This is briefly mentioned e.g. at Pipe Inventions resp. shown by drawing Potential-Twist-Flow-Pipes (desciption only in German).
So also here, input area (EB) should be designed like an edged pipe, however with edges rounded and whole pipe twisted more and more towards downside. Here for example, input area is shown eight-sided. Opposite to potential-twist-flow-pipe above however, here a reversed potential-twist-flow shall be achieved with most less rotation inside-upward and most strongest rotation of water outside-downward.
Upside at input area (EB), inlet should be done tangentially. Turning of water at the middle will be effected by central shaft of turbine. Fast turning of water downward-outside will be effected by phasewise flow out of water and afterward interruption of that movement (as descirbed by explantions above, e.g. concerning Schauberger´s Repulsine).
Downside at input area (EB), at these edges are installed openings in shape of slots, through which water can flow towards blades of turbine wheel. At front-sides of these vanes, water is redirected backwards, so turning momentum is achieved at turbine wheel. Back-sides of vanes are bended sharp backwards, so water is not redirected by these surfaces.
At Fluid-Technology is discussed optimum power-transmission of flux onto solid bodies (e.g. see Engines-Inventions with relations between suction / pressure and body / fluid). So here, possibly every molecul of water should be redirected by solid body of front-side blade, but water shall not be redirected by any flux already showing backwards. So also here that slot-like ´nozzle´ should produce a most flat jet of water, which exists but short time, so won´t become characteristic of a continuous flux.
As opening of turbine vane passes opening of input area, water will flow out of input area tangentially. First molecules will fly ahead common flux really by speed of sound (see Fluid-Technology) and hit onto blade´s front-side. As following closed surface of turbine wheel passes opening of input area, that flux however soon is stopped resp. kinetic energy of that high speed flux is redirected into turning sense of system resp. practically into circled track.
Here only basic principle of that edge-pipe-turbine is discussed and shown only schematically and only as an example. This edge-pipe-turbine naturally must be optimized by many details. So for an example, within input area could be installed a cover, mirroring pressure waves into constantly standing waves, however asymmetrically pulsating downwards, e.g. focussed towards openings downside. Above this, many variations are possible for realizing that principle of self-accelerating rotational flux.
Throughput of water will be rather few in comparison to normal turbines. Nevertheless, turning speed of water masses downsided of input area is much higher than comparable falling speed by same difference of levels. So by given availability of water and falling height, this edge-pipe-turbine will produce much more usable energy than common turbines. Above this, now also small potentials of water power are to use.
Centrifugal turbine
Potential energy of higher level is also to produce by centrifugal forces. So it also should be possible to transfere this principle of movements of water by usage of centrifugal forces. At picture EV ERG 23 construction of a machine like this is shown schematically, upside by view top-down and below by longitudinal sectional view at rotor resp. turbine wheel (TR).
This turbine wheel is turning around its central axis. Water is filled in by a central input area (EB). Downside water flows outwards within a horicontal channel and flows upwards within a vertical, ring-shaped channel. By friction at walls, water will soon show turning speel like rotating turbine wheel. Theoetical level of waters here schematically is marked by water line (WL).
Where outer ring-channel is closed upside (here at longitudinal view left side), water is keeped below that water line. Where this ring-channel is open upside (at this picture right side), thus where an outlet area (AB) is installed, waters will be pressed out in upward direction.
Quite downside at this picture at C, movements are marked by arrows. A turning movement (DB, German Drehbewegung) exists and at the other hand a lifting movement (HB, German Hubbewegung) exists, based on centrifugal forces. By vectorial addition exists a resulting movement (RB, German resultierende Bewegung): a circled track showing diagonally upwards. Speed of masses at this diagonal track is higher than turning speed of turbine wheel at corresponding radius.
If now that fast diagonal flow by intermediate closing of outlet opening is redirected (thus lift-movement is interrupted), this flux can only ´escape´ ahead into turning sense of system. Based on this fact, acceleration-effect does result, as described at previous chapters, concerning solid bodies and fluids as well. Additional here however, force of lift-movement is produced by centrifugal forces. That accelerated flux probably will move faster by factor of 1.2 to 1.4 than turning speed of turbine wheel. So there will exist a relative movement ahead of effective masses versus that rotor.
This phase-wise admitting and hindering of upward-movement can be realized different kind. At picture EV ERG 24 is shown one possibility as an example. Turbine wheel (TR) again turns within a housing (GE). At A is marked a central input area (EB), below horicontal channel does show to left side, leading to outer vertical ring-shaped channel, which upside is open. As shown here left side at this picture, this opening is (interruptedly by turning of turbine wheel) closes by that housing.
At the other hand, this opening (phase-wise while turnings) is free by an outlet area (AB) within that housing (here at this picture marked right side). Water flowing out there is redirected towards inside. So a closed water circuit is achieved by backflow area (RB, German Rücklaufbereich). Water line (WL) does show a concave curve (partly fictive). By a convexe curve however water must be guided from outside back towards inside.
Water flows tangentially upwards through the opening and by fins of housing this flux must be redirected inside-downwards. Speed of flux may not be reduced, so water arrives at backflow area (RB) by same kinetic energy.
At this picture at B once more a longitudinal sectional view is shown, now however without central input area. Within housing (GE) turns turbine wheel (TR) around system axis (SA). If turbine wheel shows rather large diameter, even by few RPMs will exist remarkable centrifugal forces, pressing water outside upwards. Water circuit between outer vertical ring-channel resp. outlet area (AB) and inner backflow area (RB) however could be arranged within relativ small distance.
Based on effect of automatic acceleration, water within ring-channel does flow ahead. Based at this relative movement, turning momentum should be possible to achieve. However, speed of flux thereby must not be reduced (like normally is done by redirection of flow at turbine vanes). That´s why here at this picture below at C an other solution is presented.
This picture shows parts of cross sectional view through vertical ring channel. Right side are drawn heart-shaped chambers (HK, German herzförmige Kammer), however only inner wall is heart-shaped, outer wall is still circled round. There are narrow areas like nozzles and there are wide areas for back-turning vortices. It´s well known, flux is accelerated within areas of reduced cross-sectional surface, with even no losses by friction. This is valid especially for heart-shaped channels, cause there main-flux won´t come into direct contact with walls. Above this, channels like this are especially usefull for pulsating flows, cause differences of speed are balanced by side-flows of back-turning vortices.
Like at any nozzle, reduction of cross-sectional surface however will effect thrust of flux versus that nozzle. In addition, by acceleration of main-flow that vortice of side-flow will be accelerated resp. water is pulled ahead, so at back-side of heart-shaped chamber will exist suction. By this constructional element thus flow will effect turning momentum onto turbine wheel without reducing speed of flow.
This heart-shaped contour however is but hard to construct. It will be sufficient to build inner wall wavy (WW), like marked at this picture left side. Also by this simple contour, there are narrow areas with reduced cross-sectional surface and there are wide areas for back-turning vortices (there is only missing that sharp carve).
Often it was attempted to construct any perpetuum mobile using lift of water by centrifugal forces. If however speed of flux into turning sense of system is reduced for earning turning momentum, same amount of energy is neccessary for re-acceleration of effective masses. Only by these heart-shaped chambers resp. that wave-shaped inner wall, turning momentum can be achieved without reduction of speed of flux.
Summary
Nevertheless, this centrifugal-turbine could produce high amount of energy only by large masses of water and by rotors of large diameter. A heavy machine like this, turning rather slow, however will show remarkable losses by friction. On the other hand there are reports about a ´Messias-Machine´, pumping water of deep wells by large turning tubs, while waters jump up at border of tub. So this rather simple construction could well approve existance of any perpetuum mobile.
Effects of a waterpower-turbine, constructed by principles of Edge-Pipe-Turbine above, however are totally clear. Also common turbines achieve efficiency of nearby hundred percent of theoretically available energy. By friction of flux within inlet pipes however, losses exist up to a third of potential energy.
Relative small throughput of Edge-Pipe-Turbine and its pulsating flows however would show remarkable better results at any large waterpowerstation. In addition, by this technique now waterpowerstations can use rather small falling height or rather small amount of available waterflow.
Evert / 22.12.2001
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