At previous chapter Centrifugal-Power-Rotation-Motor conciderations about building up mechanical oscillators were applied to a design with turning wheels. Similar conciderations were discussed here at workouts concerning crop circles. These aspects will be detailed by this chapter here.
At first, procedures of movements will be analysed, which do result when wheels roll along tracks and also these tracks are moved in space. There will result rather complex curves of supporting points between rotor and wall. At this basis effects of forces are discussed with astonishing results. Lastly corresponding designs of motors are deduced at following chapter.
Starting point
At picture EV SKM 51 a rotor arm (not shown here) is installed at a shaft turnable around system axis (SA). At this rotor arm a bearing ist installed that kind, a rotor (RO) will be turnable around a rotor axis (RA). This rotor axis is installed excentrically within the rotor. This rotor here is shown at four different positions.
There is a fix wheel (FR, German feststehendes Rad) and its axis (EA) is excentrial to system axis. The rotor will roll around that fix wheel. The rotor is shaped as an excentrical ring. By a sickle-shaped element around rotor axis this process of movement becomes possible. That ´gear-sickle´ (GS) is drawn only one time at this picture.
Center of masses (MP, German Masseschwerpunkt) of rotor will move by different speed at a circled track, which is excentric to system axis. So effect of slinging-outward (here upside from right to left) is achieved. Inward-guiding (here downside from left to right) of masses could be done e.g. if rotor outside would glide alongside an excentric wall (EW).
Acceleration at outward phase thus would be supported by centrifugal forces. At deceleration phase, mass is ahead of rotor axis, thus will pull rotor arm ahead. Even this system does show symmetry of movements, there could be a surplus of turning momentum.
However, this design allows no good constructions. For example, rotor does glide along excentric wall versus its own turning sense. It would be a process much better, if rotor could roll alongside that outer wall or if also this wall would turn same direction. That point of view, practically does mean a pendulum´s movement, where track of movement is forced by an outer wall. Just this movement´s principle seems to be shown at crop circle picture. That´s why here that movement´s process is analysed once more in details.
Tracks ahead and back
At picture EV SKM 52 at A is shown that excentric wall (EW, concentric to its excenter axis EA). Within that circled wall a rotor (RO) does roll. This rotor rotates around its axis clock-wise, so rotor axis will move at a circled track counter clock-wise.
A mass-piont (MP) outside at the rotor will move on a flat bow (green curve). Downside at B, this wall (EW) is stretched to a straight line. This mass-point will move at a bended track, like every point outside at a normal wheel does move.
Right side at this picture (C), a rotor of rather large radius does roll within that wall. Like above, rotor also here will rotate around its axis clockwise and rotor-axis will move at a circled track counter clock-wise. A mass-pointed (MP) looked at, while each turning will move also at a bended track, however backwards, thus counter turning sense of system. Below at this picture (D), that strange movement again is transfered to a straight support.
Wall in movement
Consequences ot that ´move-backward-occurance´ of ´large´ rotor will be discussed later. At first however will be discussed, which movements ´small´ rotor will show, if also excentric wall will be moved counter clock-wise.
At picture EV SKM 53 at A again excentric wall (EW) is shown, within which a rotor (RO) does roll. Four mass-points are marked at this ring-shaped rotor. Each of these masses will move at analog, bended tracks, but each mass will be positioned at different section of its track.
At B, excentric wall again is stretched to a straight line. Like at normal wheels, mass-points will move at that bended curve. Each mass-point does show different direction and speed of movement, inertia of each mass-point is represented by lines drawn here. At C, direction and value of kinetic energy of each mass-point at this wheel is drawn.
Excentric wall here is shown as round drilling within excenter-wheel (ER, German Exzenterrad). Excenter-wheel is concentric to system axis (SA), that wall however is excentric to system axis. Opposite to pictures above, now that excenter-wheel shall also turn around system axis in turning sense of system, thus also will turn counter clock-wise.
Pendulum movements
Parts of excentric wall, which are far away form system axis, will move faster within space than part nearby system axis. Relative to mass of rotor, thus excentric wall will move ahead and back. That´s comparable with situation, a wheel does roll ahead on a flat track, same time track below wheel is moved some ahead and back again (like marked at B). That relative movement of track will not effect all mass-points of rotor same kind.
At D is assumed, track will move ahead relative to rotor. Mass backside (black) would like to move ahead-upside, but now will be pulled some ahead-downward by that track´s movement. Mass in front (blue) would like to move ahead-downward, but now will be pushed some ahead-upwards by track´s movement. Mass upside (red) will not be affected by track´s movement, that mass will go on flying in direction of given movement. Mass below (green) will be pulled some ahead by track´s movement.
Thus, if track under a rolling rotor will be accelerated ahead, a pendulum movement of rotor will result with a turning point nearby upmost mass-point. Movement-ahead of rotor still will exist, but mass-points below in addition will be accelerated in general movement´s direction.
At E is assumed, track will move backwards relative to rotor. Mass-point below (green) will be pushed some backwards. Mass-point in front (blue) will be pulled backward-downside, mass-point at backside (black) will be pushed backward-upside. Thus, rotation of masses around rotor axis are accelerated. Opposite to situation above, that movement does correspond to movement of mass-point upside (red), which now will also move faster ahead, balancing movements of other mass-points.
Thus, if track under a rolling rotor is move backwards resp. will de decelerated relative to rotor, rotor will move undiminished ahead in space. There will also result a pendulum movement, however turning point will be nearby rotor axis, i.e. rotation of rotor around its rotor axis will be accelerated.
Loop tracks
At picture EV SKM 54 upside, within excentric wall (EW) a rotor (RO) will roll, and its diameter e.g. is one third of diameter of the wall. The rotor will have to turn three times around its own axis, until rolling once alongside whole wall. A mass-point will do three times that bended track.
If now also excenter wheel (ER) and thus also excentric wall will turn once around system axis, a track of three loops will result as shown at picture EV SKM 54 downside. First and last loops are symmetric, loop at the middle (blue curve) is shortened a little bit.
This will say, mass at central sections of track will have to move slower than outside. That´s opposite to ´normal´ relations, as masses inside should move faster than masses outside (if momentums resp. kinetic energy shall be constant). In addition, pendulum movements above are not included. So at first it would make sense to check, at which positions that rotor will touch that moving wall.
Mountains and valleys
At picture EV SKM 58 the excenter wheel (ER) first is assumed to stand still. Within excenter wheel an excentric wall (EW) is drawn. Starting from system axis (SA) right side are drawn radial lines each 15 degrees. Below, excentric wall does show large distance to system axis, upside radius are shorter. Left side (not drawn here) would show mirrored relations.
At picture EV SKM 59 circumference of excenter wheel is rolled out to a straight line (ER), so system axis (SA) is also represented by a straight line. Vertical to that line, radius above are drawn. If downside ends of radius are connected by lines, that curve will represent excentric wall (EW) rolled out.
At B of this picture, that curve is shortened to a quater, so characteristics of curve are marked better. These radius drawn are half of excentric wall, by mirroring whole curve does show rather harmonic track up and down. However, inclination of curve is not steady. Area of most bendings are marked red here at A and also at picture above.
This curve around system axis does show locations of supporting points of a rotor, rolling alongside a resting, excentric wall by constant rotational speed (constant turning around its rotor axis).
Stretching and compressing
If now that wall will turn too, each point of wall will move with different speed within space, depending on its distance to system axis. At C, each point of wall is shifted in relation of their radius. Compared with static curve above, now an other curve will result, partly stretched and partly compressed, in principle showing four sections.
The valley (D) became more round with rather constant bending. Track points at downhill do show increasinglyy larger radius, thus wander much ahead within a time unit. Behind outmost track point radius become shorter again, track points wander less ahead. So that downhill will soon lead to a raising slope, track points of the valley look like a circled track.
Afterwards, there is a rather sharp gradient (E) with maximum ascent cross to line between system axis and excenter axis. As picture EV SKM 58 already did shown, track points of excentric wall downside-right come increasingly closer to system axis, especially right side of excenter axis. So each following track point there will move slower and slower within space. Static curve above thus will be compressed, thus given ascent of curve will be higher.
Mountain (F) of curve, again will show long stretched rounded characteristic. Curve of excentric wall (by static view) there is rather parallel to circumference of excenter wheel. Track points there do show nearby same lengths of radius. So track points come near to system axis rather slow and also will move off rather slow. So at a whole, that mountain does show a rather circled section.
Afterwards, cross to system axis resp. excenter axis there is a short section (G), within which radius of track points become quickly larger. So curve there will open rather fast, back again to nearby circled section of valley with its large radius.
Spiral track
At picture EV SKM 60 this curve of supporting points now is re-arranged concentric around system axis. It´s assumed, while each turning of excenter wheel by 15 degrees, also rotor will move ahead within excentric wall by 15 degrees. Here is shown only phase of inward-movement (of 180 degrees at a whole), which will end after one full turn based at simultaneous turning of excenter wheel. Outward-movement is not shown, but would show mirrored spiral track.
So one can see, overlaying of two steady turns won´t result a new, also totally steady movement. That spiral track won´t go inwards steady, but by characteristics above: outside bending is nearby like a circel (valley above, here from 6 o´clock until nearby 3 o´clock). Following is a rather sharp bending (above ascent, here with a maximum nearby 1 o´clock). Afterwards bending will be less, becoming relative long section of circle-like track (mountain above, here from 10 to 6 o´clock).
Contance
Blue lines outside mark each 30 degrees, in relation to system axis. Red lines inside mark each 30 degrees within excentric wall, however also in relation to system axis. Movement within a time-unit does show some 28 degrees at outside section (first section downside right), while inside are done some 34 degrees at one time-unit (last sector some upward left). Relation of radius are three to two, so this result does fit to constance of energy as described by physical laws.
By this statement is documented kinetic energy of a rotor with steady speed alongside excentric wall. However one may doubt, within this system speed will be constant relative to excentric wall (could also be constant to turning of excenter wheel, could partly be accelerated and decelerated, in relation to angels or absolutely). Above this, calculation above of kinetic energy will only fit to a rotor with very small diameter, cause only there is allowed to think, all masses theoretically are concentrated at one point.
Here however are used ring-shaped rotors with rather large diameters, which even can reach beyond system axis (as discussed later). Above was shown, then parts of masses of that rotor will move into different dircetions with most different speeds. At these circumstances it´s not allowed to look at resp. to calculate by fiction, all rotor masses would be concentrated at one single point (as e.g. common calculation of kinetic energy does assume).
Gyro-Twister
There are toys and training-apparatus, where rotors are driven to incredible high speeds, e.g. 8.000 rpm at that ´roller-ball´. Resulting centrifugal forces are usefull for muscle training of hands and arms.
Also these systems show movements around several axis and there are produced kinetic energies which seem to be far above energy input.
It´s obvious (like picture above does show), masses have constant energy, when turning steady within a circled track, no matter by which radius around system axis (cause at each smaller radius correspondingly angles speed will increase).
If based on law of constance of energy one makes backward-conclusions, also at these systems can´t result any other statement (but null-effect). When critically analysing systems however, one must look at mechanical causes for result of constance - and may find causes for in-constance (resp. wrong definition of bounders of closed systems). That´s why theses processes of diverse mass-points by un-steady conditions alongside a wall moved shall now be analysed in details.
Stumple-effect
Starting point is situation (analog to above EV SKM 53) shown at picture EV SKM 62 at A: a relative small, ring-shaped rotor (RO) rolls within excentric wall (EW). All mass-points (MP) of this ring move at bended tracks marked here.
At B, inertia of mass-points are marked by lines, each different by value and direction. Mass (green) at supporting point is without movement that very moment, mass-points upside practically behave like a pendulum, swinging around supporting point (like marked at C). This pendulum movement (with changing masses) will occure steady while rotor turns within excentric wall.
If however same time, now excenter wheel (ER) will turn around system axis, that circled-shaped curve of supporting points will become a spiral curve with different ascent (as discussed above). Increasing ascent, relative to rotor will seem like a ´barrier´ within its movement ahead.
At D this fact is marked in much larger scale. A flat support (representing e.g. a circled track) abruptly changes to an ascenting support (analog to increasing ascent within spiral track). Rotor will hit onto that barrier, resp. vice versa that new support will affect counter-pressure (F) versus the rotor. If affect would be same to all mass-points of rotor, inertia of all mass-points would correspondingly be shifted some upside-left (grey lines).
If however rotor´s movement is looked at to be a pendulum´s movement (E), by that shift of ´pendulum fulcrum´ (turning point) will result quite other consequences: masses left side will be accelerated (in their generally given direction of inertia showing upward), at least these masses won´t be decelerated. Opposite, masses right side will resist against that movement (which is counter their inertia showing downwards in general). Already standing still at their last position would be equal to faster rotation (around that new turning point shifted upwards-left). So at a whole, result of that ´stumpling´ will be an intensified pendulum movement.
Consciously, at these rotors no rotor axis nor rotor´s bearing is drawn. Guidance of rotors in principle must be concentric to system axis, but also concentric to excentric wall. Rotor bearing or rotor shaft thus must be excentric within rotor. Above this, rotor must be free for changes of movements like this. This can be done by equalizing elements, e.g. shaped like sickle-gear above (see EV SKM 51, also morefold). At following conciderations thus is assumed, rotors are free to re-act at affecting forces.
Rotation-effect
At picture EV SKM 63 these rotors are shown once more. In principle, mass-points are to divide into two halfs (like marked at A), where at the one side movements show upwards and at the other side movements show downwards. Representative for all mass-points thus could be each one mass-point left and right side. There is also a material connection between both masses, which could be represented by a horicontal line (like marked at B). This ´dumbbell´ (two weights at each end of a rod) at the one hand does move parallel to supporting line, at the other hand will turn around its center.
At this picture, increasing ascent (spiral above) is now marked by a small step on that supporting line (at C and D, instead of continuous changing ascent in reality). Impact of hitting onto that step will affect to masses nearby vertically upwards. At any case however, this pressure will hit onto masses aside (exclusive onto parts of masses totally upside and downside), so impact will effect onto masses at a lever arm.
Masses moveing downwards (right) won´t be bothered by this hit, cause these parts of masses can go on moving unchanged. Theses masses thus represent a turning point (´resting´ in space) for central upward movement, around which masses moving upwards (left) are pushed up correspondingly higher (C).
If one imagines that impact towards that ´dumbbell´ moving ahead and same time rotating (D), so it´s clear, its movement-ahead will not be diminshed, however its speed of rotation will be accelerated. Naturally, this lever-arm-effect of impact will be stronger at rotors with relative large diameters.
Next moment, higher rotation-speed will result faster movement ahead (D), based on friction at supporting point. Additional effect of that faster rotation and corresponding faster movement ahead is seemingly stronger bending of following sections of curve of supporting points. By this, excenter wheel will turn relative less far, i.e. excentric wall will ´go back´ less. Thus curve of supporting points will really become stronger bended spiral in space, thus increasingly bending will go on, thus rotation-effect will go on working.
This surplus of movements doesn´t conflict with law of constance of energies. As ´system´ however may not only be defined that rotor, but system encloses rotor plus wall. That wall, by its counter-pressure contributes energy into the system (like discussed here for example also at ´Double-Sling-Experiment´). Input of energy here can only result higher kinetic energy of rotor. At toys above, that input of energy is done by muscle power, which hold masses against centrifugal forces. That counter-pressure of corse could also be done by output of a motor as usable momentum.
Translation-effect
At picture Bild EV SKM 64 these ring-shaped rotors are shown once more at different status of movements. At A a rotor (RO) is shown, its rotor axis (RA) standing still in space and all its mass-points (MP) turning around. Only by this process, at a wheel all inertia forces (lines at each mass-point) are symmetric to the axis and balanced all kind.
If however that wheel rolls at a (resting) surface (from B to C and D), all mass-points will move at bended track, time-shifted will take different positions at analog tracks. The wheel as a whole (e.g. its rotor axis) will move ahead. Mass downside at actual supporting point does rest in space, opposite mass upside will move by double speed-ahead.
By this rolling, thus kinetic energy is steadily exchanged between mass-points. Based on friction at supporting point, kinetic energy of mass there is reduced to kinetic energy of (resting) surface, so to null. By lever-arm effect, kinetic energy of mass-points in front is reduced and kinetic energy of mass-points behind is increased correspondingly. As discussed above that ´pendulum movement´ will result.
If now that surface would end at position D, that wheel will go on flying free into space (air friction and gravity not regarded), like shown at E. Rotor axis, e.g. would move ahead with speed marked (F), mass-points would show inertia like marked by each line.
Within free space, friction at supporting point is given no more, i.e. above exchange of kinetic energies between mass-points no longer is forced to occure, especially mass downside will no longer be forced to short moment of movement-less situation. So after short time of free fly, rotor will show less rotation but correspondingly higher movement ahead (G). So a (at the beginning) rotating rotor within free flight soon will ´slide or slip´ within space (moving faster ahead than rotating around its axis).
Slide-effect
Just that kind of movement a rotor will take, when rolling at a surface and this supporting surface will be accelerated ahead (H). This casus was already mentioned above, where supporting points at excentric wall (EW) will move with different speed in space (based at turning of excenter wheel), i.e. all supporting points at outward phase are accelerated relatively.
Acceleration of each supporting point doesn´t have same effect to all mass-points of rotor. Mass-points nearby supporting point then will not be stopped totally (like by rolling at resting surface), opposite these mass-points could even be accelerated. All other points are effected only by parts, cause by pendulum movement can avoid that pulling of surface. So even rotation might be reduced, movement-ahead of rotor will be accelerated.
At a rotor with relative large diameter, that (backward) balancing pendulum movement will occure at other side of system axis. Mass ´upside´ thus will withdraw acceleration of supporting point, what indirectely will result a faster movement into general turning sense of system. It´s hard to imagine these vice-versa movements at different sides of system axis. However, at large rotors at this phase there is no reduction at all, but all mass-points of rotor are accelerated in turning sense of system.
Crash-effect
A rotor ´sliding´ free within space (analog G) is for example a car´s wheel, broken off its attaching. Lots of truckdrivers can tell unbelievable story, one of their backside wheels did overtake with large jumps, running ahead even faster each jumping. No physican will believe these tales resp. no common explanation is known (no parts of car can accelerate broken wheel beyond car´s speed, all other broken parts do fall behind the car based on air friction, changed pressure within tire might cause jumping up of wheel but can´t cause jumping ahead).
This situation is marked at K, where free flying wheel next moment will hit back again onto resting surface (L) of road. This situation is corresponding to an abruptly increasing ascent (or even a barrier), like schematically shown above at picture EV SKM 62 downside. Counter-pressure of road won´t affect to masses of identical inertia, but will effect acceleration of ´pendulum´ of upside (fast) masses around downside masses (with much less kinetic energy). Resulting of will be acceleration of pendulum-swinging, thus of rotation of wheel. Before elastic tire will jump upwards again, it will roll faster ahead on its supporting surface. As soon as that wheel will fly free again, once more additional rotation energy will (at least partly) be transferred into movement ahead. So from hit to hit that wheel will fly ahead faster and faster.
Tilt-effect
Upside at picture EV SKM 62 is shown that stumple-effect and that rotation-effect at picture EV SKM 63, both at inward-phase. Opposite now at picture EV SKM 65 is shown a downward step, thus corresponding to outward-phase (with increasingly larger radius of curve of supporting points).
There is marked the rotor (RO) turning around its rotor axis (RA), so rolling alongside excentric wall (EW). That rotor axis and same time mass in total does move alongside that support. Mass-points (MP) show each different inertia forces. Excentric wall (EW) here is drawn as straight line. At A the rotor is just above a (downward-) step, which represents increasingly less bending at large scale.
Next moment this rotor will tilt down that step, like shown at B. Given rotation of rotor won´t be diminished by this movement. However mass-points in front now have possibility, to stay longer within their downward-movement. Next support practically will occure some time later, so stopping of mass-point downside will be later and mass-points behind must be lifted up less. So within a time-unit, less mass-points will hit onto supporting track, i.e. rotor will effect less pressure towards excentric wall.
At C that situation is drawn once more, now however with smooth diminished bending. Rotor there will tilt ahead, i.e. his turning point is shifted ahead (E). This situation of outward phase is overlayed by slide-effect discussed above. This will say, increasingly faster moving supporting points practically won´t accelerate rotor masses, but practically will accompany their ´flight´ rather parallel.
Within round excentric wall this process will occure e.g. at picture EV SKM 62, when the rotor will be situated left side, some below system axis. There rotor as a whole can ´fall´ outwards by rather constant speed of rotation. The rotor there will effect only few pressure onto excentric wall, same time the wall must accelerate only a small part of all rotor masses.
Here at picture EV SKM 65 at D opposite situation is drawn, i.e. rotor will be within inward-phase at increasingly bended curve of supporting points (at above picture EV SKM 62 the rotor would be right side, some below system axis). Also here radius of a following supporting point is drawn. Rotor axis by increasing bending is shifted some upside-back (F).
Opposite to outward-phase, here next mass-points will hit much earlier onto supporting points. So mass-points hit supporting points prematurely, while their kinetic energy is not yet reduced correspondingly. The rotor there thus will affect relative high pressure against the wall. That pressure can be taken by the wall only radial to excenter axis. Relative to system axis thus will result a thrust-component in turning sense of system. However, angles between supporting-point towards excenter axis resp. system axis are rather small, so large part of that pressure is taken by tension within material.
This tilt-effect is obviously to see, if a straight track becomes upwards or downwards bended. This effect is also valid within inwards- or outwards bended spiral tracks. However that tilting there is overlayed by general movements within circle. Nevertheless that tilt-effect is a theoretical fact, valid e.g. by calculations.
Once more it´s to point out that side-effect of mass-points hitting earlier at supporting points moving slower and slower ahead. At one turning, the rotor will walk longer distance within space. The rotor at a whole, by its self-acceleration within inward-phase, will move faster ahead. As also at outward-phase neither rotation nore translation is reduced, a surplus of kinetic energy does result.
Like discussed above, that surplus of energy is based on counter-pressure of excentric wall, and that wall is part of system in total. That ´workload´ of guiding masses towards inside by excentric wall, by laws of constance of energies, must result as higher kinetic energy. Cause that contribution of work is asymmetric resp. is done at lever-arms versus masses of different inertia forces and vectors, this counter-pressures are not compensated to null (as view cross-the-board would like to tell).
Amplify-effect
If a rotor rolls within an excentric wall, which is also turning, supporting points show a spiral curve with differing ascent. When the rotor at its inward-phase will come to increasing ascent, stumple-effect above will result faster rotation of rotor.
At the following section of relative constant bending, the rotor - based at its faster rotation - will roll correspondingly faster alongside that wall, thus rotor´s movement in space is accelerated. So inner section of excentric wall (which there does move relatively slow within space) the rotor will cross much faster, by speed essentially higher than ´normal´ angles speed. That´s corresponding to rotation-effect above, which will obviously occure within that narrow spiral track of supporting points of this section.
As at outward-phase the wall will move back, that´s (basicly) corresponding to following ´free falling´ (with translation-effect above). Even more important however is, now supporting points wander ahead much faster within space. Each outer mass-points of rotor by friction at supporting point thus is accelerated, movements ahead of all other mass-points however are not decelerated. Only relative rotation is slowed down a little bit by this slide-effect (however and much important: not at large rotors reaching beyond system axis). Same time, rotor axis will tilt ahead at this section. So as a whole, faster moving wall there will practically accompany that outward-falling of rotor.
At the end of outward-phase, supporting points won´t show any more acceleration in space, bending of curve of supporting points will become rather constant. Immediately after outmost supporting point however, rotor will come to much slower support with increasing ascent, so crash-effect above will occure.
By this procedure of effects at different phases ´pendulum swinging´ (in figurative, but partly also in direct sense) of rotor are build up. Movement of rotor in total within that excentric wall can be looked at to be a mechanical oszillation. Differing pressures of moving wall does occure phase-shifted to that basic swinging. That´s what´s neccessary for building-up mechanical swinging circuits. Most important fact is, that addition pressure-input is done mostly by tension within material, based on most small angles each supporting point does show towards excenter axis and system axis.
Self-acceleration resp. energy-surplus
At this system auomatically will occure acceleration of rotation resp. movement in turning sense of systems. As a maschine constructed correspondingly shouldn´t accelerate on and on, that motor must be slowed down resp. will produce free available energy.
Both effects are totally corresponding to constance of energies, cause acceleration resp. surplus of energy is based only at input of pressure by excentric wall resp. excenter wheel. Only cause different parts of masses do show different amount and vector of inertia forces, all power components will not be compensated to null.
This fact may be demonstrated once more by simple examples. At picture EV SKM 66 at A is shown a pendulum, which swings around its axis (RA). Mass of that pendulum however ist not concentrated at one point, but one part of masses moves downwards (left side), the other part moves upwards (right side). If now that axis is moved downward a little bit (like shown at B, see auxiliary lines), naturally mass-parts moving upwards practically wouldn´t be affected, while mass-parts moving downwards get higher kinetic energy.
Gravity forces effecting at both sides won´t have any influence, as next example will show.
Middle row of this picture schematically shows two cars, at which masses are arranged. At C the mass is fixed, at D the mass is turning around an axis (RA). Both cars are moving from left to right until movement abruptly is stopped, cause axis hit onto a barrier (H). At masses not turning (E) energy of movement will be ´destroyed´ (e.g. that car is damaged). At turning mass (F) rotation will be accelerated conciderably, i.e. most of energy input (by counter pressure of barrier) is transformed into kinetic energy.
Bend-acceleration
Principles of movements here discussed differ to this example: there is no car (but rotor is rolling directly at the supporting track) and there is no abrupte hitting onto a barrier (but smooth transition of different bending on spiral tracks).
That principle of ´bend-acceleration´ will occure all times, masses roll alongside spiralic tracks. However spirals must be bended increasingly inwards resp. outwards. Above this, masses may not be concentrated at one point but must be ring-shaped, so parts of masses do show different inertia (by values and vectors). In addition, masses may not be guided resp. beared by a solid or fix axis. As track may serve a round inner wall, however turning excentrically (cause by this movement supporting points show spiralic track).
Effects discussed above will be the stronger, the more frequent the rotor rolls at inwards and outwards bended spiral track while one rotation. These effects will be the stronger, the larger lever arms of mass-parts are. These prerequisites are given at relative large rotors, which thus preferably should be used.
Large rotor
At picture EV SKM 52 above was assumed, excenter wheel and rotor as well will turn counter clock-wise. There was also shown a rotor, which did reach beyond excenter axis and system axis as well. At picture EV SKM 67 now once more is shown that relative large rotor.
If the rotor (RO) will roll within excentric wall (EW) counter clock-wise, its mass-points (MP) will move at bended track other direction, i.e. will turn clock-wise within space. If now excenter wheel (ER) shall turn in turning sense of system (here always counter clock-wise), these bows would become small loops. Above effects of forces and lever arms couldn´t work well.
All these effects above (so stumple- rotation-, translation-, slide- and crash-effect) will occure absolutely analog, if rotor will turn counter-sense (so counter turning sense of system) as shown at this picture at B.
Now here are used relations of crop-circle picture: radius of excenter wheel 28, radius of excentric wall 24, outer radius of rotor 21 and excentrity (distance between system axis and excenter axis) 3 units.
Rotor axis (RA) turns clock-wise, thus supporting points wander same kind, thus rotor does roll clock-wise alongside excentric wall. Circumference of rotor is only 7/8 of circumerence of excentric wall. So one turning of rotor doesn´t reach for one turning within excentric wall. This will say: after each one full rotation of rotor, each mass-point of rotor will move by 45 degrees counter clock-wise within excentric wall, at that relative flat bow. A certain mass-point will be at same supporting point at excentric wall after eight rotor-rotations.
If now excenter wheel will also turn counter clock-wise, movement of rotor-masses will be enforced, their bow-shaped track will become more flat, so masses will move at relatively round track, turning in turning sense of system (see animation at next chapter).
Opposite to small rotors discussed above, now that large rotor will roll against turning of excenter wheel. For example, the rotor at its inward-phase will move faster towards increasing ascent, so curve of supporting points will seem bended even stronger. At large rotor thus excenter wheel will have to turn rather slowly, while fast turning of rotor will result seemingly sharp bended spiral curves of supporting points.
Large lever arm
At picture EV SKM 68 at A once more excenter wheel (ER) is shown, turning around system axis (SA). Excentric wall (EW) is arranged within excenter wheel as concentric circle around excenter axis (EA). The rotor (RO) rolls alongside that wall, his center (RA) moving around excenter axis clock-wise. This rotor axis is marked at several positions and radius (dotted blue lines) are drawn to each supporting point.
When excenter wheel turns, at inward-phase will result spiralic inward bended curve of supporting points. So excentric wall by its supporting point will affect pressure onto the rotor (grey arrow aproximately does mark relative movement of wall). On the one hand this pressure will affect towards radius of rotor axis. On the other hand major part of that pressure is done by tension within material of excenter wheel, thus will affect into direction of system axis (dotted grey lines).
Both radius (from supporting point to rotor axis and also to system axis) do show rather small angles. So pressure of rotor onto excentric wall, like vice versa that counter-pressure of wall towards the rotor, is mostly directed radial to system axis. Quite upside and quite downside, both radius show same direction (thus angles are zero), sidewards there is a tangential component of 1/8 of forces (radius excentric wall with 24 to excentrity of 3 units). So as an average, excenter wheel has to do some 1/16 of forces, by which rotor at inward-phase is pushed towards center of system.
At this picture at B that pressure is marked by a grey arrow towards rotor axis (RA). However, that pressure won´t work directly agains a shaft, but at the supporting point (at this mass-point MP, marked black). Totally analog to upside, now one half of mass-points show movement into diretion towards supporting point (upside blue mass-points) and the other half (below green mass-points) are moving away from that ´pendulum´s turning point´ (support nearby black mass-point).
In comparison to small rotor above, here at large rotor lever arms are relative long. Pressure at supporting point thus is transformed into essentially higher acceleration of all mass-points in turning sense of system resp. all effects discussed above are correspondingly stronger.
These turning movements of mass-points marked here are representative for differse movements of all mass-points at each bended track of movement. Each mass-point at one moment is at an other position of analog tracks. Common characteristics of all movements however are these motions towards resp. away from supporting point (like movements of pendulum above with these two masses resp. that dumbbell with movement ahead and same time into turning sense of system).
Here is also marked (by black bended arrow) last section of movement of (black) mass-point (MP) nearby supporting point. This mass-point now will be pressed inwards by turning of excenter wheel, so here system has to bring up turning momentum (thus negative versus turning sense of system). That´s energy-input, neccessary at this system.
At least partly however, this input is compensated as this mass-point hits onto excentric wall. Mass there comes from backside (in system´s turning sense), faster than excenter wheel moves, i.e. mass there will be decellerated by friction resp. mass there will affect positive (in system´s turning sense) momentum. That drive-effect does also occure at all other supporting points (while following acceleration is negative not same kind, cause mass then will be guided towards center, so kinetic energy is rather constant).
So in general will result, system does need only few input of energy for tiggering these diverse effects of acceleration (probably only some percent of resulting kinetic energy). Above this, these input-forces must be invested at only small angles, so input will be done by enormous lever-arm-effect. Opposite, resulting acceleration of rotation is enforced by large lever arms.
Large gear ratio
Only this can explain e.g., why that enormous acceleration (and correspondingly high kinetic energy) can be achieved at training-apparatus above, with few input of energy. An experienced Gyro-Twister probalby may do e.g. 80 turns per second with his hand and thus will achieve hundred-fold turning speed of rotor. Power input in principle is only neccessary for controlling centrifugal forces.
Large movements are neccessary only at starting phase. The faster a system like this will rotate, the less excentrity is demanded. It´s not neccessary to move ´excentric wall´ (resp. a round wall excentrically) most fast, but to keep movements rather exactly at its demanded track. Each ´wrong´ movement results break-down of movement´s system. On the other hand, moving system ´right´ kind, there is no limit of rotation speed, as prerequisites for further acceleration still are given.
Within a machine, it´s no problem to keep movements exactly same kind, however aim of machines isn´t unlimited high rotation. For example, a motor is started up to certain speed, afterwards surplus of forces must be available at the output (instead of further acceleration). So at systems like this, a gear well could be installed between input (at excentric wheel) and output (indirectly at the rotor). Gear´s ration could be constant (probably some 10- to 100-fold) and gear must reverse turning sense.
For example, if one wants to rotate ice within a glas, at the beginning one has to make large movements. Afterwards little circling movements will do for further acceleration. Same kind, these gyroscope-units first must be started (like every spinning toy, before showing its surpricing effects, e.g. standing up). Analogly at these rotor-systems, at first output (thus the rotor) must be turned up, before turning of input (the excentric wheel) can effect further acceleration of rotor. However it´s also possible to connect input and output by a mechanical or even hydraulic gear. By this gear would be fixed both frequences, that of basic oscillation and that of overlayed frequence for amplifying mechanical oscillator.
Decisive constructional element of these motors however will be bearing and guidance of rotor, which at the one hand must allow rotor to move relatively free, on the other hand must transform surplus of forces for usage outside of the motor. Corresponding designs will be shown at next chapter Planet-wheel-motor and Crop-circle-motor.
Credible
By these arguments, acceleration at bended tracks is descirbed plausibly (and these points of view will excplain also ´mysterious´ resp. special ´vortice-acceleration-forces´ by pure mechanics as well). All effects are based on simple mechanical procedures, which however do result ´surplus´ of energy - completely corresponding to law of constance of energies, if borders of ´closed´ systems are fixed right (if contributions of barriers resp. excentric wall are included).
Basic effective force is interia power and basic cause of inertia again is outside of all closed systems (cause based on movements of ether). Like everywhere, it´s essential how given forces are coordinated most effectively (here to organize vectors of powers most sensefull).
All these demands are hit by simple mechanics, but it´s thought too simple, nothing else but null could result by usage of simple lever arms. Prerequsistes, causes and effects of that usage of energy, I here did describe by common terms. It would be great, if experts would translate these descriptions into technical language, so these fact become ´credibel´.
However, by a simple experiment claims above could become true. We need a diagonal ramp, which downside, increasingly bended, smoothly changes to a plain track. Three cylinders of same size and weight should roll down that slope and their final speed must be measured exactly.
Within all cylinders, effective masses must be arranged concentrical. At the first cylinder, masses should be concentrated nearby center. Its final speed will show rather exact that kinetic energy, corresponding to difference of levels (minus air-friction etc.). At second cylinder, masses should be arranged e.g. at half radius. This cylinder will show higher final speed. At third cylinder, masses should be arranged most outside. This cylinder will show decisive higher final speed, cause counter pressure of bended track can effect onto masses at most large lever arms.
This experiment would even better fit to relations above, if that equipement would be shifted. These three cylinders must be accelerated at plain track (above ramp) to same basic speed, afterwards should move free through increasingly bended track upwards. Differences of final speed will be even larger, easy to see e.g. at maximum height each of theses three cylinders will achieve.
It would be great if anywhere demanded equipment would be available and these experiments would be done. By sure this would approve claims about that important acceleration at bended spiral tracks. Thanks in advance for reports, I would like to present here.
Evert / 20.09.2001
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