At chapter Swing-Ciruit-Motor a basic construction was worked out for building-up a loop-swing. At previous chapter Gravity- Centrifugal-Power-Motor a more simple version was presented.
By these concepts a combination of gravity and inertia was used with intermediate storage of energy by spring elements. At these systems, axis were arranged horicontally. Now here, gravity shall be replaced by centrifugal power of a rotor-system with vertical axis. Similar systems were discussed at section Rotor-Technology of this website.
Apple-shaped track
At picture EV SKM 41 schematically are shown basic principle of rotorsystems here used. A rotor arm (RT, German Rotorträger, e.g. in shape of a disc) is beared turnable around a system axis (SA). At this rotor arm are beared rotors, turnable around their rotor axis (RA). As here the rotor is formed like a gear wheel, it is named rotor gear wheel (RZ, German Rotorzahnrad). At this picture is drawn one rotor gear wheel like this.
This rotor gear wheel is in connection with a central gear wheel, which is a fix part of housing, so it is named fix gear wheel (FZ, German feststehendes Zahnrad). As the rotor arm turns (assumed counter clock-wise), the rotor gear wheel will roll alongside of the fix gear wheel. Both gear wheels here at first do show same diameters.
If an effective mass (MA, German Masse außen) is installed outside at the border of the rotor gear wheel, mass will move at well-known ´apple-shaped´ track (green curve). If effective mass (MI, German Masse innen) is installed further inside of rotor gear wheel, its track will be more flat.
Symmetry
At picture EV SKM 42 circumference of fix gear wheel is rolled out to a straight line (FZ). Below is marked, how a rotor (RO) would roll alongside that straight line, so the rotor axis (RA) would move parallel to that line. A radius of rotor is marked at twelve different positions while one turn. Upside at this picture, track of a mass installed outside (MA) at the rotor is shown, below at this picture, more flat curve of a mass further inside (MI) is marked.
Both tracks are symmetric, thus also effects of forces are balanced. That symmetry could only be broken by an un-even gear (like e.g. by Excenter-Nopp-Gear here at this website) or by control-movements at central gear wheel (like e.g. Felix Würth did by his machines). A third possibility will exist, when using masses moveable at the rotor (like shown at the following).
Asymmetric track
At picture EV SKM 43 upside, once more both curves of tracks are shown, that of inner mass (MI) and that of outer mass (MA). Between both curves, now a track is marked of a mass-point (MP), which could move at that rotor gear wheel (RZ) from inside to outside and vice versa.
As we got to know by previous chapter, build-up of a system can only be achieved by phase shifting, i.e. track wanted should have to be asymmetric.
Here, that track at the beginning is nearby inner track, afterward will swing outside to outer track, however may show maximum position finally e.g. nearby 195 degrees of turning, afterwards will have to swing back rather sharp to inner curve.
By previous chapter we got to know, optimum track with different speeds can be achieved by bended spokes. That´s why at picture EV SKM 43 downside, instead of straight spokes now are marked bended spokes (SP, German Speichen), on which mass can glide inside /outside. These positions of spoke will result by turning within each same time unit. Speed of mass at each section however will be different, as different distances between positions of mass represent.
At an apple-shaped track, mass will stand still for a short moment. At this track of mass further inside, mass will keep moving ahead all times, will steadily be accelerated towards outside, will pass sections of outmost track points by rather steady speed, finally however will be decelerated rather hard back to basic speed of inner positions.
Round excentric track
At picture EV SKM 44 left side, now this track is bended around system axis (SA) resp. fix gear wheel (FZ). Within the rotor gear wheel (RZ) a bended spoke (SP) is drawn with its effective mass (MP). Only rotor axis (RA), spoke and mass are marked at each position while turning. A rather round track does result, much more flat than ´apple´ above, however excentric to system axis.
This track is not symmetric: corresponding positions from 10 to 6 o´clock are positioned lower than these between 6 and 2 o´clock. Acceleration outwards is steady, corresponding deceleration inward is phase shifted, e.i. done some later and correspondingly more ´violent´.
At previous chapter was recogniced, it will make sense to store energy of ´unproductive´ high centrifugal forces within springs. Correspondingly also here mass should be guided by springs. Thus at picture EV SKM 44 right side, a spring-ring (FR, German Federring) is drawn around rotor axis, which can turn free. At this spring-ring a spring element (FE, German Federelement) is installed, by which mass is bound to spring-ring.
Opposite to gravity-systems of previous chapters, this sketch here does show a view top-down to vertical system axis resp. onto disc of rotor arm (RT). So centrifugal forces of system´s turning around system axis will show radially outside from system axis (overlayed by centrifugal forces of mass turning around rotor axis).
Inertia all times effects, a given movement will go on same direction by same speed. So as an example, mass will ´fly´ by rather same speed from 1- to 11-o´clock-position. Soft bending of track there will weight only few onto spring element. From 11 o´clock to 6 o´clock, system will have to accelerate mass. Centrifugal forces however will move mass automatically to each larger radius. Same time, centrifugal forces of outward-phase will tension that spring.
Mass thus will be hindered to fall outward too early (thus costs for acceleration at large lever arms are reduced), on the other hand spring will pull rotor arm counter turning sense. In general however, all experieces by rotor-systems like this did approve, within that outward-phase centrifugal forces (practically self-accelerating) did wind rotor ahead and around fix central gear wheel.
Pull at rotor arm
Quite outside, mass moves most fast, e.i. rotor arm can´t follow mass. Mass wants to fly further on tangentially outward, thus will turn backward rotor gear wheel, thus does work counter turning sense of rotor arm. Finally the mass is positioned ahead of rotor axis (nearby 5 o´clock), mass will be slinged inward and its speed will be reduced to speed of rotor axis (so to speed of rotor arm, nearby 3 o´clock), lastly is guided back to most innermost position of track.
Energy surplus of above slinging-outward, at normal rotor systems is compensated to null at this critical phase. At this system here however, decisive surplus of momentum is achieved within that inward-phase. On the one hand, spoke bended ahead does show much more into direction of inertia, starting already at 6 o´clock and obvisiously until 1 o´clock (see previous picture left side). Thus the mass mearly doesn´t work counter turning of spoke around rotor axis.
Opposite, mass does hang onto spring element, thus pulling rotor arm aahead (see previous picture right side). Slinging-inward (from 6 o´clock to some 3 o´clock) will practically be done by fix radius, cause there spring will be tensioned at its maximum. Then, speed of mass will be reduced, so (from 3 o´clock to 12 o´clock) mass can be pulled towards rotor axis by spring´s relaxation. Opposite, thus rotor arm will be pulled towards mass, so a positive turning momentum is achieved.
Excentric oval track
At picture EV SKM 45 rotor gear wheel (RZ) is shown by larger scale. A bended spoke (SP) is drawn, here simply marked as circled section around point A, from rotor axis to border of rotor gear wheel. On that spoke, mass can glide inwards and outwards. At other positions, only that section of posible momements at that spoke are drawn (dotted circles left side).
Positions of mass of previous picture are marked here. While one turn, mass will move at this excentric track relative to rotor axis (green curve). This track is round, not circled but oval, also not symmetric.
At picture EV SKM 45 right side, a spring-ring (FR) is marked, free turnable around rotor axis. In direction to each mass position, spring elements (FE) are marked. Dotted circle does show springs minimum lengths, downside springs are longer, downside-right springs show maximum tension.
Analog to previous chapter, spring-ring probably should be beared excentrically to rotor axis (so here should be shifted some upwards-left). On the other hand, direction of inertia will press mass into spokes from 1 to 9 o´clock. So at positions upside and upside-left that spring will be tensioned only a little bit. Opposite, at positions downside-right at phase of slinging-inward, spring will be tensioned at its maximum for rather long time. So demanded phase shifting propably will exist automatically.
Naturally technicans and theoreticans are challenged to find optimum coordination of inclination of spoke in general, its bending, inner and outmost position of track, characteristics of springs and best position of spring-ring´s bearing.
Calculations
Already at previous chapter was concidered, simple formula of centrifugal forces at circled tracks are not usable at this case. At spiral tracks, there are no steady ´centrifugal forces´.
There is only inertia and its expression is its kinetic energy by amount and direction. In addition there are components of forces for (or resulting of) deviation of movements, depending on each degree of deviation and actual speed. Above this, there are forces of acceleration and deceleration, which are effecting at spokes (depending on or determining optimal bending).
Deviation of movement partly is determined by turning of spokes and their bended shape. On the other hand, degree of deviation essentially will be determined by forces of resp. onto springs. Forces at spokes resp. springs act in diverse angles in relation to each direction of inertia. So each resulting force must be calculated by vectorial addition.
Cross-the-board-calculations (with expected result null) don´t cover these facts. By corresponding simulation programs however, optimum can easily be achieved. As mentioned also at previous chapter: these constructional elements are excentric, movements are asymmetrical, thus these machines are un-balanced and thus must show ´effect towards outside´. It´s a question of coordination to intensify these forces and to transfere excessive forces to outward effective turning momentum.
Construction
At picture EV SKM 46 schematically a cross-sectional view of one of possible constructions is shown. A rotor arm (RT) is turnable around a (vertical) system axis. On that rotor arm are bearings (RA) for rotors. Rotor gear wheels (RZ) roll around a central fix gear wheel (FZ).
Cause system should be balanced as a whole, at rotor arm should be arranged several rotors, here e.g. are drawn four rotors. Diameter of rotor gear wheels and fix gear wheel must not be same size. If like shown here, fix gear wheel is smaller, analog relations will result, however all tracks are longer stretched.
At rotor gear wheels, mass (MP) must be arranged excentrically and mass must be movable at spokes, generally into radial directions. Instead of spokes above, e.g. mass could also move within bended slots (SP). A spring-ring (FR) must be free turnable around rotor axis (or probably around a bearing excentric to rotor axis). By spring elements (FE) thus mass is guided second time.
Several effective masses can be installed at one rotor, here e.g. again four are drawn. Effective masses naturally should be a rather larg part of constructional volume, so instead of marked mass-points (at rotors upside and downside) larger masses could be used (e.g. like marked at rotors left and right side). In sum, effective masses of a rotor gear wheel still is arranged excentrically. Each mass will move at similar track with same effect of forces, only shifted in space and time ´power strokes´ will occure.
This principle in general can be realized diverse kind, e.g. effective masses can be integrated within gear wheels or could also be installed at different axial levels. This motor can be constructed much smaller than previous gravity-machines, but can turn much faster. Radial movements of effective masses then will be much smaller than marked here. Technicans like theoreticans will easily find best solutions for motors for diverse applications.
Movement´s process
Animantion here does show movements of only one rotor gear wheel and one effective mass. One can follow movements of mass, which will run by different speeds at this oval, but asymmetric track. Along that bended spoke (or a corresponding slot for example) mass will glide inwards and outwards.
On the other hand, one can imagine work of spring element, marked by distance between rotor axis and mass. Spring upside is tensioned but a little bit, then will be stretched more and more, downside-right at large lever-arm will effect slinging-inwards of mass around rotor axis, lastly will pull mass towards rotor axis. Thereby, surplus of turning momentum at the rotor arm is achieved.
If instead of that one rotor will be used several rotors (maximum probably fife) and at each rotor are installed several masses (probably two to four), eyes won´t be able to follow procedures, will only be able to recognize self-acceleration of that system.
Effective principles
By this rotor system, gravity of systems above is replaced by centrifugal forces of turning of rotor arm around system axis. This movement is overlayed by turnings of rotors, installed at rotor arm. Mass installed excentrically at rotors thus will be accelerated and decelerated.
By common knowledges, costs and earnings of that acceleration / deceleration are same amount. Felix Würth however could demonstrate a factor of 1.2 by starting / stopping rather simple machines like this. This effect is explained here at Ether-Continuum-Theory by rather simple ´Phantom-Bodies´.
Decisive momentum of this system here however will be, deviation of masses at spiral tracks (only partly at circled tracks) is used for creating tension within elastic elements.
Decisive will be also, slinging-inward of mass won´t have effect at a lever-arm of rotor (with negative momentum), but will be done by spring elments directly around rotor axis, thus having effect to rotor arm (with positive turning momentum).
Finnally after that time-delay, spring by relaxation will do additional work, pulling mass towards rotor arm (thus pulling rotor arm ahead).
Effect of this system is undoubtedly. However one may doubt, whether hobby-handcrafts, technicans or theoreticans do take these considerations and make up approvements and improvements.
Evert / 04.09.2001
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