Slot-controlled
At section Basic mechanics, control of motions is shown by simplest gear. At the outer end of the rotor-arm, a pin resp. shaft is installed, which sticks within a longstretched slot of the excenter-sickle. Relative piston stroke (of mass point inwards to the system-axis and outwards again) was done by gliding of that rotor-bearing within this excenter-bearing. Diverse variations of this principle, a sled gliding within a slot, can be realized (Remark: later on for example, some are shown at Centrifugal-power-spider here).

Swivel-arm-maschine
At earlier section Swivel-arm-maschine, the relative piston stroke motion was done by a turnable arm (swivel-arm, SH, German Hebel), which was mounted turnable at the outer end of rotor-arm (RT). Importance of sling-curve and especially that relative slinging ahead and back, there was worked out. Another essential funtion there, was that guiding of mass through a ´bottle-neck´.

A problem there was, how to guide the mass alongside the excentric wall (EW). As now the importance of sickle-shape is known, solution is simple. Also at this Swivel-arm-maschine, mass should be used in shap of sickle, where the sickle shall show more than 180 degrees.

EVGM 21 does correspond to earlier figures, where effective mass was installed near the rotor-bearing (RL). Now here, mass is shown in shape of an excenter-sickle (ES). As the center of mass, now will be some more inside, swivel-arm (SH) may be some shorter. Rotor-bearing, also could be some distance ahead the center of mass.

Thus, at acceleration-phase that pulling mass off the excentric wall will even be stronger. Analog at deceleration phase, thrust towards rotor-arm and excentric wall as well, even will effect by better angles. At the rotor-arm, also two swivel arms and excenter-sickles could be installed. At front- and backside, the sickles would have to overlap like teath. This part is just for controlling motions alongside the excentric wall, thus there is no heavy mass neccessary.

Opposite to early suggestions, input and output should not be combined by a gear. Input-device and output-device better should be separated strongly. Input but has to guarantee acceleration of mass of this excenter-sickle at outside-phase. Inertia-power of this acceleration does effect turning of excentric wall, thus the cylinder will be output-device. By these few improvements, also this simple Swivel-arm-maschine will show over-unit-effect.

Excenter-swing-maschine
By Excenter-swing-maschine, example of crop circle picture was achieved nearby. EVGM 22 does show once more one of pictures there. Control of piston stroke motions, there is done by narrow swinging motions of excenter-ring (R), while the excenter-sickle (S) practically will turn synchon to rotor-arm (RT). At corresponding Animation, the procedure of movements can be studied.

At the design of this maschine, the central elements of crop circle picture were neglected resp. were assembled practically to a chrank-shaft (rotor-arm, RT). Now ist will be the job, these remaining problems to solve, i.e. to achieve an even better solution of relative piston stroke motions by including these central elements.

Above this, highest degree of free motions of all parts shall be possible. For example, ideal sling-curve is relative flat, mass wants to take a short track through inside area. On the other hand, each rotating mass wants to stay as long as possible at its outmost track. Compared with the symmetric apple-track, e.g. at Threefold-crank-concept, the ideal track there would show a ´bulge´ (bended some more towards outside). It would be valuable, if mass out there could reduce speed and transfere this high kinetic energy to other elements at that large lever arm. By thus reduced speed, mass could be guided towards inside easier. If a gear would allow such free motions, masses automatically would take most effective tracks. In principle, these degrees of freedom will exist, if instead of a totally fixed procedure of motions, some times parts could move ahead and back relative to each other.

Piston-stroke-gear
Both essential motions - relative ahead and back turning of parts and linear piston-stroke in radial direction - at an early ´invention´ were involved. Years ago, I designed this piston-stroke-gear without connecting rod (thus to avoid unblanced swinging motions). In principle, boths bearings of the piston rod, one will be included within the other. Texts and figures of this piston-stroke-gear are shown at Evert-Fluid-Technology, Maschine-inventions, however but at the download-files there, but in German language.

At EVGM 23, principle of motions is shown by diverse positions. Around the system-axis (SA) will turn the excentric rotor-arm (RT), practically a crank-shaft. Here not shown is the piston, within which the excenter-ring (ER) will be mounted turnable. As a piston may move up and down within a cylinder, this excenter-ring also may do linear stroke motions (here up and down). When the rotor-arm will turn, the excenter-ring will also turn, however counter-rotating. Below left, a chart of this stroke-motions is drawn, the curve showing level of stroke while a system´s turning.

At this gear, designed for piston-stroke-maschines, rotor-arm and excenter-ring will make full turns, so full height of stroke will be achieved. Now, if two parts like these, would swing but a little bit ahead and back, all times counter-rotating, so correspondingly smaller strokes would result. By parts like this, a high level of free motions will be possible, especially when this kind of gear will include same kind once more - like at crop circle picture of Threefold-halfmoon.

Crop circles
This crop circle picture was hard to analyse, cause at position shown, several elements could turn without any effect to others. Opposite, not all elements same time may turn relative to others, even not by different speeds.

Early I made up my mind, centrally the input should be (practically by a crank-shaft) and outside the output should be organized (i.e. also the outmost element should have to turn around system-axis). This assumption would need a shaft and a hollow shaft, which at the center of the picture could be marked by these two circles. If one wouldn´t make these assumptions, a huge amount of further variations for movement would be possible.

Confusion would be less, if crop circle would show a position without any free motions-possibility. However, such a picture could make the impression, but a nice pattern to show, for example like this crop circle picture right side, with but circles including circles. Thus, it now will be neccessary to search for situations with most limited motion-possibilily.

Constructional elements
At EVGM 24, constructional elements of crop circle picture once more are shown. Rings here are dimensioned a little bit stronger, won´t show these totally narrow parts. Accordingly, excentrity is some less. Exact measures are shown next section. Elements here are differed each by one circle versus next element. Circles thus do show interfaces resp. gliding surfaces. Constructional elements, now are named by general terms.

At the center the system-axis will be, with a system shaft, on which excentrically a round disk is fixed, thus a crank-shaft (KW, German Kurbelwelle) will exist. Around the crank-shaft, at first an inner excentric ring will be installed, here generally called ring 1 (R1). Around R1, an inner sickle-shaped body is mounted, here called sickle 1 (S1). Outward next will follow an outer excentric ring (ring 2, R2), and again an outer sickle-shaped body (sickle 2, S2). This sickle will move within an excentic wall, a round, excentric, hollow space within the cylinder (ZY).

Bottle-neck
At original crop circle picture, crank-shaft will show same direction than excentrity of cylinder. Now here at EVGM 24, opposite position is shown, where crank-shaft will show towards the inner track point of excentric wall (here both to left side). Thus, a bottle neck between crank-shaft and cylinder will exist, which will effect some kind of order to all other parts.

At this relatively narrow space between crank-shaft and excentric wall, but will fit small sides of both rings and the inner sickle. Besides this inner sickle, all parts will show their wide side towards right. This bottle neck, thus will order all parts in direction of line between system-axis and excenter-axis (here horizontally, further called system-line).

However, even here some other arrangements will be possible. At EVGM 25, by same position of crank-shaft and cylinder, e.g. the inner sickle (S1) and outer ring (R2) could well have changed places. Again, all parts are ordered at system-line.

Free movements
However, even this limitation not completely will exist, as shown at EVGM 26. Again crank-shaft and cylinder are unchanged, but the inner sickle (S1) and outer ring (R2) will take their common space other kind, no more ordered in direction of system-line. Thus, even at this ´bottle-neck-situation´, elements can take lots of diverse positions.

This possibility of free motions, naturally will also exist, when crank-shaft and cylinder will show other positions relative to each other. At EVGM 27 e.g., cylinder (ZY) is unchanged, however crank-shaft (KW) now will show downside. Positions of all other parts shown here, but one combination of lots of other possible situations will mark.

Naturally not every element can take any position, but position of one element will determine position of others. At a whole however, a huge range of free motions are given. Elements relative to each other, my turn slow or quick, may turn same or opposite directions, relatively ahead or backward, accelerating or decelerating.

By these relative-motions, same time distance of each mass towards system-axis will change. Analog to piston-stroke-gear above, thus stroke-motions will exist, radial to system-axis, and same time combined with acceleration resp. deceleration of each mass. As demanded above, thus masses may chose their optimal track by itself.

Chaos or Order
One may think now, really chaotic motions will come up. When to static pictures above, cylinder will move too, one may never ever follow all these motions by eye. Even by computers, it won´t be possible to simulate or calculate all possibilities and probalities of motions of all elements (cause this maschine may move like six-fold-pendulum).

However, there won´t be but chaotic motions, not at all, cause factors of order are given. On the one hand, there are two extreme situations, which will force parts to a certain order. That´s this bottle-neck-situation above, where all parts at a whole will take their outmost track-points, if they are arranged at system-line. Corresponding to this situation will be, when crank-shaft does show to opposite side, thus corresponding to crop circle picture.

Secondly there will be an essential factor of order with strongest consequences. It´s absolutely sure: as soon crank-shaft will turn, other elements will have to turn too. As soon an iput power will exist, standstill is exclused in general. Third, will be certain as well: as soon as motion will exist, inertia-power and -vectores will exist and show effects. Thus instead of chaos, highly sencefull and effective procedure of movements will come true, self-organizing and self-stabilazing and even self-accelerating.

Motions cascade
Exactly these procedures of movements and power-effects will result, as deduced in chapters and sections above by diverse concepts and designs of maschines. At the starting situation here (above picture EVGM 24), e.g. one may assume the outer ring (R2) at first will stand still and thus at first will take function of cylinder.

The inner parts - crank-shaft (KW) and inner ring (R1) and sickle (S1) as well - do correspond totally to constructional elements, above described at Excenter-swing-maschine. The outer ring (R2) can turn around system-axis, its inner wall however will be excentrical, like excentric wall of cylinder. Thus, to inner elements it practically will look like the cylinder. Accordingly, turning of inner elments will effect turning of outer ring (R2). Same logic, achieved turning of outer ring (R2), will be input-power of outer sickle (S2) and thus turning the real cylinder (ZY). By this procedure, movements and power-effects will result like these, described at section Energy earning above.

In general, each outer element will look like and effect like an excentric wall to each inner element. Thus, inertia will effect from inside towards outside at diverse steps. In principle, each inner element will move faster than its outer element. Each outer element will be driven by thrust of inertia of its inner element.

For example it might be assumed at first, inside crank-shaft (KW) and inner ring (R1) at a whole could turn same speed, and all other elements would stand still. As soon as excentric mass of inner ring will turn, however, this mass wants to move outwards. This mass can achieve this outward-motion well, while relatively to crank-shaft will stay behind, will no longer turn same speed. That turning inner ring, will show higher kinetic energy than (thus far assumed) still standing inner sickel (S1). Thus that ring well may be able, to push the sickle off its original place, thus to transfere motion-energy, one step outwards, to the inner sickle. Analogly like a cascade, movements will spread towards outside and above order of motions will result.

Over-Unit
At crop circle picture Threefold halfmoon, above discussed Basic mechanics are included more-fold. As deduced at section Energy earning above, each inner element will produce drive-thrust for each outer element, solely by inertia. To inside produced surplus of kinetic energy, outer elements will work like power stages. Thus a multistage re-inforcement of power will exist - exclusively by inertia producing ´over-units´.

Evert / 06.04.2000