By that crop circle, one can imagine, smaller wheels will run within larger circle-tracks. These runways, in relation to the system axis are excentric. Thus, these wheels would run inwards and outwards. That procedure, does remember to sixdaysdrivers, rolling upwards and downwards (see chapter above). And this procedure of motions, again will remember to that experiment of balls, running faster towards the finish cause running through a valley.
Here at figure EVSH 01, a ball A will roll down a hill to position B. With the now given kinetic energy, it will crash into the following counter-hill. Afterwards, the ball could even fly over next down-hill. So, there would exist only a pressure-ahead, pushing the track ahead (here to right side). That thrust towards the track, is corresponding to the additional performance, which thus should be to earn.
Quite analogly, that effect should be to realize when wheels running within an excentric runway. Image, that track of ball-experiment above would rest on supporting beams at an even bottom. That bottom now will be bended to a circle. That bottom then would be the dotted circle here (a little bit stretched), concentric to the rotor axis (RA). The supporting beams above, shorter and longer ones, analog here would be these radials of different length. The balls runway above, thus will be an excentric circle, here called excentric wall (EW), concentric to the excenter axis (EA).
Inertial-power instead of gravity-power
Wheel C is near to the system axis (here RA), so does show potential energy with regard to its centrifugal power, thus can be compared with ball A. Wheel D did fall outwards, so does show kinetic energy, thus can be compared with ball B. At the experiment above, gravity did effect acceleration, here inertia will do, so will bring additional kinetic energy, as the ball falls from C outwards to D.
To achieve that sling-effect (see special chapter), here a rotor arm (RT, German ´Rotor-Träger´) is installed, which will turn constantly around the rotor axis (RA). At the outer end of the rotor arm (RT), turnable mounted will be the swivel-arm (SH, German ´Schwenk-Hebel´, where ´swivel´ will say, this arm may swing outwards and inwards again). At the outer end of the swivel-arm, the mass (MP, mass-point) will be concentrated, here in shape of a wheel, rolling along the excentric wall (EW).
Asymmetrical motion
Here, always turning clockwise is assumed. While one full turn, some relativ motions will occure:
The swivel-arm upside, towards the rotor-arm will show a small angle (here some 50 degrees), below both will be nearby in right angles. In relation to the rotor-arm, that arm her will swing outwards (thus called ´swivel-arm´).
The mass will be transported from inside (C) towards outside (D), thus will make a turn of 180 degrees within the excentric wall. The rotor-arm meanwhile, but will turn some 150 degrees. Opposite, the rotor-arm will move some 210 degrees, while the mass will move towards inside again these 180 degrees within the excentric wall.
As the rotor-arm will turn constantly, the mass thus will intensively be accelerated at their outwards track. Again moving towards inside, the mass much more slowly will be decelerated again.
Experimental design in principle
November 1999 we did agree, Felix Würth to build an experimental modell, corresponding to the principal design as shown in figure EVSH 02 (schematically, above cross-section-view, below longitudinal-section-view):
At a rotor (large dotted circle) excentrical to the system axis (SA), the excentric wall (EW) is insttalled (a pipe, concentric to the excenter-axis (EA)). Within that, the rotor-arm (RT) may move within the small dotted circle. The swivel-arm (SH), at the outer end of the rotor arm is mounted turnable. The swivel-arm will bear the mass (MP) at its outer end, here in shape of a relatively small wheel, rolling along the excentric wall.
To get some symmetry, the rotor was build with an arm towards both sides. However, by this the system will not be counter-balanced completely. At a horizontal position like here, one wheel will be positioned right upside, the other however will already be about 30 degrees after its most outside, here lowest track-point.
Sling-phase
At figure EVSH 03, the diverse motions one will see better. The mass-point (MP) here but once is drawn. The rotor-arm (RT) here is shown each 30 degrees turning (blue lines) and in addition, each corresponding position of the swivel-arm (SH, red lines).
From the 9-o´clock-position of the rotor-arm to its 4-0´clock-position, the outward throwing of the mass will occure. A shown at the sling-effect, the direction of the mass-inertia and the direction of the pulling power in that phase will show a large angle. Both forces, thus vectorially will be added to a relatively long resulting line, thus the mass will get huge surplus of kinetic energy. This positive effect of slinging-outwards will exist at turning maximum some 165 degrees. Here however, that phase will end already after some 150 degrees. This will make sence, cause afterwards the swivel-arm will show right angles twoward the rotor-arm, thus the pulling-direction will become right-angle to inertia direction (and no surplus of kinetic energy will be any more).
Pressure-phase
At the following phase of deceleration, for example, inertia from A via B to C is drawn. When we here would assume the rotor-arm to be fixed, the mass could not go upwards. Then, inertia would thrust completely towards to the excentric wall. The excentric wall thus would be turned around its turning point, the system axis. (That situation would be comparable with the ball experiment above, when the ball could not run up the counter-hill, but would completely transfere its kinetic energy by pushing the track ahead).
Opposite, when we assume the excentric wall to be fixed, the mass only would be pushed towards inside (D). The mass, here does show higher speed than the rotor-arm. So, the swivel-arm would be pushed upside. By the mountings, thus the rotor-arm would get pressed into its turning direction. So, the rotor-arm would be accelerated by complete kinetic energy of the mass. (Compared with the ball-experiment above, there the counter-hill is fixed, thus the ball running upwards fast and showing its higher performance, achieving the finish earlier than the ball at even track).
Within that phase, the speed of mass thus will be slowed down, so its kinetic energy will become smaller. By that ´knee-joint´ between rotor-arm and swivel-arm, the surplus of energy will be transformed into turning-power resp. speed of the rotor-system - when the excentric wall is blocked. Or, at the other hand, when the excentric wall is allowed to move, inertia will accelerate that turning of the excentric wall. Third, when the excentric wall will not turn fast enough (for example limited by a gear), a combination of both power effects above will be realistic.
Back by wedge
Throwing-out the mass, here will be same than at every ´turning-ahead´ rotor-systems (turning of system and rotors show same direction). There and here, the sling-effect will be achieved. At normal rotor-systems however, that pulling inwards again the mass, will cost same amount of energy as earned by throwing-out the mass. This null-null-result, only can be avoided, when the rotor-arm at the inwards-phase will be decelerated. That procedure and effect, already was described at my Excenter-nopp-gear (see descriptions of Würth-rotor-systems - Exzenter-Noppen-Getriebe). Later, that principle is used in a thrust-maschine or excenter-ring-maschine once more.
Now here, the very first time, an other solution of that problem is shown: stopping the motion ahead (the further outwards turning of the rotor-mass) and swinging ´backwards-inwards´ the mass. Important however will be, that back-inward-motion will be effected by an element completely independant from the rotor-arm: here by the excentric wall.
At a normal wheel, the spokes will hinder outward-falling of mass respectivly these spokes will effect a continuous pulling-inside of the mass. At a normal rotor-system that pulling-towards-inside by any kind of gear-wheels or gear-rims will effect a negativ momentum counter the systems turning. Opposite here, there will be a pushing-towards-inside, from outside towards inside, by the excentric wall. Like the counter-hill above that (bended) triangle will work like a wedge, guiding the mass inwards.
That wedge (bended to a half circle), at the one hand, will push the mass towards inside and same time, by reduction of speed, the rotor-arm will be accelerated. On the other hand, inertia will effect a thrust at that wedge, pushing it ahead, also in general direction of systems turn. Thus, inertia power will not be eliminated (´destructed´ like fix spokes within normal wheels do). That centrifugal forces will also not be counter-forced (overcome), like centric gear-wheel in normal rotor-systems do. Here, centrifugal forces will be transformed into kinetic energy of turning parts, that rotor-arm and excentric wall as well.
That principle, here first time documented, will be an absolutely essential fact to use inertial power. This swinging backward (the swivel-shaped motion), practically is the extrem form of deceleration (like in maschines mentioned above).
Sling - curve
At EVSH 04 now in detail is analysed, which position a mass-point will show after the rotor-arm did turn each 15 degrees. Here each time, value and direction of inertia from one position to next is extended. From the end-point of the inertia-line to the next position of the rotor-arm, the new direction of the swivel-arm will show. At that line, the new position of the mass point will be (where the distance from the rotor-arm to the mass-point will correspond to the length of the swivel-arm).
As mentioned above, the mass-point will come to the bottom of that track here, when the rotor-arm did turn some 150 degrees. Here however, one may see, the mass-point will take a inner curve, won´t be quit outside after 150 degrees turning. Finally after some 165 degrees turning of the rotor-arm, the mass-point will show same distance to the excentric wall (like at its starting point A upside), here at B.
Rotor turning
This will say, the excentric wall (as a part of the rotor here) could also turn, practically could follow that flat sling-curve. By that geometric deduction here, at 165 degrees turning of the rotor-arm, some 16.5 degrees the excentric wall (and thus the rotor) could turn in addition. Thus, a gear between rotor-arm and rotor should show a relation of 10 to 1. In spite of that gear, the excentric wall will still be a part independant from the rotor-arm, from the swivel-arm and the mass. Only the range of relative motion of that rotor-part will be reduced to that difference of speed. (Remark: later on, that gear won´t be used any more, but input and output of power were strictly diversed).
Deviation and reduction of inertia (red lines right side), thus may effect acceleration of rotor-arm and/or rotor as well. When the mass will hit onto the excentric wall, relatively high kinetic energy will be transformed, afterwards continuously less until the uppermost (here) point of the track. The blue respective green curve will show the most outer position of the mass-point, while the excentric wall will turn too. The excentric wall and the excentric axis (EA) so here are drawn once more, after this 16.5 degrees turning.
Energy - surplus
By this figure, once more the amount of energy-profit can be seen: above at A, the mass-point will show a distance towards the system-axis of 40 mm, below of some 64 mm. Same angle-speed assumed, the mass-point outside thus would show some 1.6-fold higher energy. In reality however, the mass-point does show an angle speed inside of but some 10 degrees, outside however about 20 degrees (while the rotor does turn constant 15 degrees), thus there will be 2-fold kinetic energy outside.
What one may see here too, the mass most of its way will walk by inertia, while the rotor-arm plus swevel-arm have to work out only small distances. Acceleration of mass, thus here will cost but few input of energy.
At the chapter ´Sling-effect´, the profit of energy was mentioned to be a third, here it´s but a quater (2.0 versus 1.6). Surplus here will be some less, cause the swivel-arm here starts already with an angle of some 50 degrees, while at the sling-effect above full sling-process was looked at.
Optimum
Dr. Habbel did ask dozens of institutes and experts, year by year, in order to help him to explane the effect of Davids Sling - in vain. We also couldn´t find any expert, to check these simple mechanism. Either the problem was called to be too ´banal´ or the problem was estimated to be too hard. So, I still hope, some clever student may write a simulation program, by which the optimum easyly can be found.
Diverse drawings did show, the effect only can be achieved, when certain conditions are given. These relations seem to be written within the corp circle: excentrity some 3, rotor-arm 7, swivel-arm 10, rotor 14 units. The relation of rounds per minute of rotor-arm and rotor seem to be essential. By these parameters will depend, whether the sling-curve will fit to the moving track (of excentric wall). The absolute rpms however, won´t bother, the higher the speed the more centrifugal forces will be active and can be used. Now hopefully, soon modells will show exact results.
The modell build by Felix Würth only could confirm my general claim of ´flying´ over the down-hill and thrust towards the counter-hill: the excentric wall and so the rotor did turn. Unfortunately that modell was not build stable enough, nore variable enough. Especially the output-power could not be translated back to the input. So, that insufficient teamwork had to be stopped. Perhaps there will be some people, who will make that maschine running.
However, the mass flying over and then crashing towards the excentric wall will be noisy and by sure no good solution until a simulation-program will show parameters for a ´soft´ landing. With regard to that problem, the crop circle should bring new knowledge. (Remark: that crashing towards the wall, in later versions is eliminated by sickle-shaped mass. Also the formula for better understanding of input- and output-power later on will be shown).
Result
By this concept, first time the problem of pulling-inside mass fallen-outside is solved, by a pushing-inward (instead of pulling-inward). In addition, thus the forces of inertia can be used while slinging-out the mass and guiding-back-inwards of mass, same kind.
That simple sentence of constance of energy: mass-out = less rpms, mass-in = more rpms - simply does not fit. When mass may fall-outside, more energy will be obtained, by sure, demonstrated and proved by dozens of experiments. Opposite, that bring-mass-back-inside, not at all will automatically produce higher revolutions, but as a rule will bring essential loss of kinetic energy (cause self-locking systems will result).
However, by well-aimed acceleration and deceleration of speed, motions at excentic tracks and using excentric masses, inertia well may be used.
With that swivel-arm-concept, by its turning-back of motions in form of swinging masses out and in, an essential new aspect of rotor-systems is achieved. In addition, first time phases and length of tracks of acceleration and deceleration no more are symmetric, but different. Finally, now here are diverse motions integratet: that of the rotor (resp. the excentric wall), that of rotor-arm and of swivel-arm and thus of mass-points.
The very first experiment, based on crop circle, without doubt did approve, the claim based on ´sixdaysdriverstrick´ are really true: if one allows inertia to effect corresponding motion, the thus achieved higher kinetic energy can really be used as net-energy-profit.
So now, the process of motions of this maschine has to be designed smarter and new aspects based at that crop circle of threefold halfmoons must be researched.
Evert / 13.01.2000