In order to use inertia power, in principle a constant turning motion (of system shaft), a motion with acceleration and deceleration, excentric axis and asymmetric masses are demanded. In pur principle, these demands may be demonstrated by a gear with three crank- resp. lever-arms. At figure EVDK 01, this concept in general is shown.
Around the system axis (SA, stationary) will turn constantly a roto-arm (RT). At its outside end, a rotor-wheel (RR) will be mounted turnable at the rotor axis (RA).
On the other hand, an excentric-arm (ET) will turn around the excentric axis (EA, stationary) with variing speed. At the outside end of the excentric arm, the rotor-wheel (RR) will be mounted turnable, around the rotor-excenter (RE), which same time will be center of the rotor-wheel.
From the rotor-wheel, here but a line from the rotor-axis to the rotor-excenter is drawn respectively that radius towards the mass-point (MP). Also this radius-line, as a crank- resp. lever-arm may be looked at, turning around the rotor axis with variable speed.
Procedure of motion and effect of forces
While one full turn of the system, all three cranks will overlap. Starting at inner dead position of the mass-point (left side, short before position A, turning clockwise assumed), the rotor-arm will run ahead the excenter-arm, practically pulling it behind itself.
The mass will be thrown out over positions B and C, whereby at this phase, pulling-force of rotor-arm and given centrifugal force vectorially will add.
That phase of positive sling-effect (thick green curve) with real surplus of energy, after some 165 degrees however will be finished. In spite of that, the mass finally after 180 degrees will show maximum speed.
From D and corresponding far after the summit (right side, most outside track-point), the mass will but pull at the mountings of system- resp. excentric-axis. Inertia here in total will show into direction of H (and at normal wheels thus will have negative effect towards turning-direction).
The mass here will overtake the excentric-arm and this one will overtake the rotor-arm, which more and more will stay behind. So the mass mainly will ´hang´ at the mounting of excentric-axis (thus pulling but at the casing - will say the body of the maschine in total - and thus won´t have negativ effect towards the systems turning).
That relative stay-behind of the rotor-arm, essential will be to the ´negative´ sling-effect, the slinging-towards-inside (thick green curve). The relative difference of speed of the mass and the rotors turning-point, by this stay-behind will be increased. So the mass around the rotor-axis will swing resp. will be thrown towards inside. So, the rotor-axis same time, will be pulled ahead in direction of systems turning.
The relativly running-ahead excentric-arm, will allow resp. inforce that motion, by pulling the mass towards inside. Nearby E, inertia will pull the rotor-arm obvisiously ahead, nearby F whole deceleration of mass will be transformed into acceleration of the rotor-arm.
Also that ´diveing-inside´ of the mass back to its inner dead position, at normal wheels will have negative effect with regard to the turning motion. Here however, nearby G, again the excentric arm will do that by pulling, will say again only by pulling at the mounting of the casing.
Apple - track
A normal wheel rolling at even bottom, each mass-point will move at a bended track, with phases of acceleration and deceleration in horizontal and vertical direction as well. When a wheel moving around an other wheel of same size, a mass-point will move at an ´apple-shaped´ track like above.
Here however, the rotor-wheel (RR) won´t turn around its center (RE), but arount the excentric rotor axis (RA). Thus, acceleration and deceleration of a correspondingly excentric mass-point, at that apple-track will be much more intensive.
Acceleration at the outward-motion of mass is important, cause thereby inertial force and pulling force of rotor-arm vectorially will be added to much higher kinetic energy. Also decisive however, deceleration of the rotor-arm will be at the inwards-motion of mass, cause only thereby the effect of sling-inside can be achieved - as documented at ´Exzenter-Noppen-Getriebe´ in 1998 already (in my Würth-scripts).
A little Animation will that decisive procedure of motions demonstrate.
That procedure of motions will produce a surplus of kinetic energy, which may be back-transformed in direction of systems turning in total. That energy, also could be used for thrust of a system in direct manner. That aspect of ´inertial translation´ here should be discussed first.
Direction of thrust
Forces of ´unbalanced´ weights thus will not only pull towards the direction of highest centrifugal force, here only to right side. Inspite of that, this system at a whole will pull into direction I (here right below). Thus direction of direct thurst will be diagonal to the line from system- to excentric-axis.
At that diagonal (right side down), in sum the mass will be pulled inside, by pulling at the mountings. Opposite, the mass may fall outside relatively free (towards left side up, in sum).
So, forces with effect to outside, at that design not at all are balanced. Naturally, not only on direction of one force will exist, however there will be a clear defined resulting direction of all forces in total.
So, if such a maschine should be used for direct inertial propulsion, naturally a counter-turning system must be installed in order to compensate all diversive power-components and thus to stabilize the thrust-component in total. Without any doubt, a complete system corresponding to this conception, will move ahead, purely by using inertia power.
So, if a system like this should be used for inertia translation, at one axis should be installed counter-turning modules, or at two axis should be installed counter-turning devices. At any case, excentrity of the sub-systems must show same direction.
Eight - cylinder - motor
Opposite, if such a system should be used as a motor, all modules must turn same direction. In order to eliminate all unbalanced forces towards outside, excentrity of modules must show into different directions. Each a pair of modul should show 180-degrees-opposite excentrity. In order to avoid un-balance in axial directioon, two of such pairs must be installed.
In order to get round turning, excentrities should not only show into two directions. Thus, two times four modules would make sence. Like at internal combustion engines, starting with eight ´cylinders´ one could achieve a motor running ´soft as silk´ - here without any additional balancing weights.
If we calculate a module some 30 mm width, so a motor some 300 mm long should already show soft turning. If these wheels should have some 60 mm diameter, so the cylinder resp. casing would show some 600 mm diameter.
A ball of a ball bearing will weight only some gramms, but at high rpms will show pressure against the walls by tons. Even but few percents of this centrifugal forces may be used here and be transformed into a turning momentum. Already by relativ few rpms, that motor would be sufficient for many applications.
Energy - bilance
When mass is moved at a circle track (here for example at the dotted circle), one only has to overcome friction of mountings resp. bearings. Here, mass is move much more difficult manner, thus slide-friction of at least four bearings will exist.
At a circle track no surplus of energy can exist, cause direction of inertia and pulling force all times show same direction. At the apple-track however, intertia and pulling force all times show an angle, so forces will add vectorially.
When for example, mass here will be accelerated form its inner dead point towards it outmost track-point, less energy must be input, than if same mass would be accelerated to same end-speed at the dotted half circle track.
Deceleration at a circle track, totally same amount of energy would bring back, like that energy neccessary for corresponding acceleration. Here however, that inverse sling-effect will bring additional kinetic energy into the turning motion of the system as a whole.
This apple-track, each mass-part of each normal wheel will also run. In spite of this, there can´t exist any surplus of energy. At the one hand, this is based at the concentric speading of mass at a normal wheel, whereby all forces do compensate each other. On the other hand, there will be that constant turnings at a wheel normally moved. Only by dis-constant speed while turning, energy will come free to use.
Here, that relative deceleration of the rotor-arm after highest kinetic energy is achieved, will de decisive (practically a more ´soft´ kind of Exzenter-Noppen-Getriebes). Thereby, the excentric mass relativ to the rotor-axis will be sling inside, so its (partly no-cost ´presented´) energy may be transformed into momentum towards the turning of system in total.
Moon - sickle
Especially at that phase, the ´moon-sickle-shaped´ spreading of effectiv masses is essential, as shown in figure EVDK 02. At D a rotor-wheel (red circle) is drawn and within that the rotor-bearing (blue circle). The rest of the surface will show rotor-mass. Here three mass-points (green circles, MP) are pointed out. That asymmetrical spreading of mass will favourize the motions wanted in decisive manner.
The mass-point ahead, already has come to its out-most track-point. The middle mass-point soon will come to that outside point of its track. Then, the middle mass already will push the mass-ahead towards inside. Afterwards, the mass-behind will show its highest centrifugal force and thus will ´lever´ the middle-mass towards inside. Than, already most mass-parts will show a direction of inertia, which will pull the rotor-arm ahead.
Thus, that sickle-shaped spreading of mass, especially after the phase of falling resp. throwing out of mass, automatically will lead to sencefull motion afterwards. Thus, a smooth transition of outward- towards inward-motion will be achieved. That negative ´but-pulling-towards-outside´ at the summit of the track, thus will be reduced in decisive manner.
Long lever - arms
Starting point of these conciderations were (gear-) wheels above, all of same size, in order to achieve that apple-track with its advantages in principle. As we now used two lever-arms by the rotor-arm and by the excentric-arm, no more gear-wheels-interconnection is neccessary. So, also in the center, there must nomore exist a gear-wheel. Thus, that inner surface may be used by larger rotor-wheels.
Rotor-bearings within the rotor-wheels should be dimensioned most possible large, in order to the remaining rotor-mass will be excentric most possible. At F, for example, fife of these mass-points (MP) are marked. It´s obvisious, the effect mentioned above will exist even more clearly.
Including bearings
These conciderations by three crank- resp. lever-arms but shall and may demonstrate the principle in general. Technically, it´s not possible to realize a procedure of motions with three overlapping lever-arms. That concept makes only sence to be realized by ´including´ one bearing the other.
A first design in figure EVDK 03 upside is shown as a cross-sectional view schematically. At the central area, there must be but a surface as neccessary for the excentric bearing (EL, in German ´mounting´ or ´bearing´ is called ´Lager´). The excentric-arm (ET) does include this bearing and in addition, the whole rotor-wheel (RR) as well. Thus the excenter-arm will guide the rotor-wheel concentric to its rotor-excenter-point (RE).
Here for an example, the system-bearing is arranged outside. From an overall rotor-cylinder (ZY) the rotor-´arms´ (RT) in shape of a ring will show towards inside. Fix installed at the rotor-arm (-ring) are the rotor-bearings (RL, pracitcally shafts), which will guide the rotor-wheels turnable around the rotor-axis (RA).
Input- and output-units at this figure are not shown, could be installed anywhere and anyway at the rotor-cylinder or outer rotor-arm (as shown in details at later maschine-designs).
At this picture, below a second module is shown at the longitudinal-section view. There, the excentric-axis (EA) is shifted by 180 degrees and the mass-point now is positioned outside.
Now, the volume of that engine is used much better by these larger rotor-wheels. Same diameter outside will show double mass effective (compared with first conciderations above with wheels all same size). However, also this solution here, does not show that elegance of the corps circle. Thus, there must be solutions much better.
Result
By this analysis of procedures of motions and effects of forces, by this princples of threefold crank concept, once more could be demonstrated, why and how that design inertia power may use, as a inertia-proplusion-device and as a motor as well. Essential elements were acceleration and deceleration of excentic masses.
These three each other overcoming arms, by rods are not to realize technically. That engine only can be build, when one bearing will include others, like here the rotor-axis will be embedded into the rotor-wheel, that one included within the excentric-arm.
A thrust-device as well as a motor, each will make neccessary to install several modules, depending on the application in different arrangements. At a whole, by relatively small volumes, already round and soft running engines can be produced. That last mentioned aspect of even longer lever arms, will once more bring better maschines, with even better relation of effective mass to construction volume.
As we want once more to make this engine a better one, that aspect must be intensivly analysed. The optimum, by sure must come near to the ideal of the corp circle picture.
Evert / 05.01.2000