Alfred Evert

Effects of Suction

I published a script ´Wind- und Wasserkraftanlagen´ (Wind- and Water-Energy-Stations) with description of effects of suction areas. Here some sections of this paper are extracted:

Chaotic Movement
It´s well known, molecules within fluids move chaotic manner into all directions of space. Average speed of movements of air-molecules is some 400 bis 500 m/s and speed of molecules of water are correspondingly morefold higher than flux speed at technical applications. Each single molecule moves by different speed and also time between collisions and thus distances between collisions differ.

Ordered Movement by Chance
If now however a molecule - just by chance - is pushed into area of relative few density, it will fly into that direction relative long distance until next collision. This molecule is missing as collision-partner at its starting area. Other molecules, by chance also pushed into this direction, thus can fly similar far. Probability of collisions reverse to that direction is low. So molecules can fall into suction areas relative narrow together, relative far, within relative well structured flow, with relative less injuring collisions, into sense of flow.

Redirection by Suction
Also molecules of largs-scale flow will ´break-out´ resp. ´fall-out´ of general direction of this flow, by normal chaotic molecular movements, e.g. aside of this flow into area of less density.

For example this happens at backside of normal plades of turbines. An essential part of fluid masses changes direction there, into suction area behind plade, without redirection is caused by pressure onto plade´s fortside.

This redirection of flow, based on suction, reduces density of fluid masses into original direction. That´s why only part of original fluid masses are forced into other direction by crashing onto next pressure-side of next plade.

These are disadvantageous appearances resp. consequences of movement´s process at most commonly used blades of turbines (and props analogue).

Transmission by Pressure
Energy transmission between fluid and plade, lastly only can be done by collision of fluid molecules onto blade´s surface. That´s why it´s important, plades have no backside resp. no suction areas by redirection of fluid in order to transfere kinetic energy of flow onto plades. ´Backsideless plades´ like this are shown e.g. at Rohrpumpenwirbler (will say ´Pipe-Pump-Whirl´) resp. Potential-Ringwirbel-Kraftanlage (will say ´Potential-Ring-Vortice-Energy-Station´, sorry both only in German).

This redirection is the most effective, the more molecules of fluid are guides directely onto plade, i.e. the most well structured and most dense flux is, short time before hitting surface of plade.

Order by Suction
Ordered flow can never be achieved by pressure (the more pressure the more chaotic movements), but only by suction. At inlet-area thus is to organize suction, so flux with most high part of molecules flying same direction, thus with most high kinetic energy directly hit onto blade´s surface.

Within ordered flux, all molecules move faster in wanted direction, thus also off turbine wheel. Also at outlet area is to organize suction in order to guarantee most fast outlet of fluid. Only by these measures, most effective transformation of kinetic energy by redirection at blades is to achieve.

Lift
At Fluid-Technology was discussed in details, how lift at wings works. Normal static pressure of fluid presses onto downside surface of wing. Profil of upper surface produces area of less density, within which molecules fall by normal molecular speed, as described upside. This fast movement with over-sound-speed contributes essentially to high speed of fluid alongside upper surface of wing.

Molecules there fly relative near together by relative long distances between collisions, which again result relative less movements aside of flow´s direction.

This matter of fact is known as fast fluxes show relative low static pressure. So molecules at upper side hit rarely onto suction-surface of wing, while molecules by normal static pressure hit on and on onto downside pressure-surface of wing.

Additional Lift
At Düsentragfläche (Jet-Wing, only in German) of Vehicle-Inventions, this pressure-difference not only results of profile of wing but is intensified by additional acceleration of flux at suction-surface.

At middle of upper side of wind, by longstretched narrow jet, air is blown out. Static pressure of this ´wind´ is reduced, in front of this jet and backside of this jet as well, based on suction effects. Analogue this additional measure and effect can be used at turbine blades, within air like within water.

Fast flux affects Suck
Fast flux affects versus slower flux or surrounding relative resting fluid like suction areas. This fact is known, as neigbouring flows all times are bended into direction of faster flux.

Relative few static pressure of fast flux can not hold much stronger static pressure of slower flux or resting fluid.

Collision-Partner got lost
At Fluid-Inventions, this process was explained: at borders of slow flux, molecules by chance are pushed in direction of faster flux and there are integrated. These molecules are missing now at that border of slow flux as collision-partners, so further molecules - again pushed that direction only by chance - can fall behind, more relative far without new collision resp. without collision into ´negative´ direction.

Self-Acceleration
Fast flux, by taking these new molecules, not at all is decelerated, cause within this fast and well ordered flux, molecules move much more narrow. So at border between slow and fast flux comes up flow out of slow movements towards faster movements. So every faster flux sucks-in parts of surrounding fluids.

This ´suction´ of faster flux is not filled up by this additional input (like other suction areas of low density becomes filled up). This suction effect at border areas of fast flux is steady existing. That´s why e.g. tornados can suck-in additional air during long time and distances - by increasing turning speeds.

Around Nose
Like pressure, also suction affects far away. Already at normal wings one can see, air is guided from ahead-below of nose towards upside of wing - while up there normally should be more pressure based on profile.

At previous Düsentragfläche (Jet-Wing) thus this kind of suction affects far ahead of nose, accelerating whole movements at upper side and thus producing much more lift. At correspondingly constructed wings of Düsenturbine (Jet-Turbine) this effect is used analogue.

Organizing kinetic Energy
Essential instrument for achieving high speed of flux thus is organizing steady suction areas resp. suction effects. Flux created by suction effects are well structured movements and fluid there shows rather high density.

High kinetic energy of flux like these, never ever is to achieve by pressure. Only by suction, enormous kinetic energy of normal chaotic molecular movement can be transformed into useful structures.

These principles are integrated at all designs of Fluid-Technology, by steady improved versions.

Evert, 23.12.1998