Formula of Energy
Analogue transmission of formula of different subjects of physics well could be permissible, however handling pure mathematical is ´dangerous´ because probably essential criteria could get neglected. For example, common formula of lift again has factor speed-by-square, so lift forces theoretical should raise unlimited - however beyond sound-speed real lift exists any more (but only mechanical pushing upward is possible).
At flux-sciences many formula of mechanics are used analogue - and this generalized view hinders view on decisive differences. For example, common techniques prevailing are bound to application of pressure in shape of ´explosion-technology´, while ´implosion-technology´ is nearby unknown (even Viktor Schauberger vehemently pointed out important differences four generations ago). At the following I´ll describe these opposite aspects and I´ll work out which special points of view common flux-sciences don´t take in account. At first however I´ll show as an example a formula which only is based on real physical facts.
Formula of Atmospheric Pressure
At the following lengths of tracks are drawn by previous length VN. At B real cause of factor 0,5 at common formula is visualized. Particles hit by that speed vertical (here drawn some diagonal) onto wall, are rejected and fly back same way within likely time. So pressure is affected at wall only each second track (resp. after each second time-unit) - and based on this real fact ´way-factor´ WF = 0,5 appears at formula of flux-sciences (and not only by analogy e.g. to steady acceleration of mechanics).
At this picture at C is visualized undisputed density-factor DF = Rho: the more particles are within a room (marked light blue), the more particles hit onto wall within a time-unit. Concerning atmospheric pressure e.g. exists density at ground DG = 1,225 kg/m^3, at level of ten kilometres height however DH = 0,414 kg/m^3 up there.
At this picture at D is visualized speed-factor GF, where normally is GF = VM, thus normal molecular speed (German Geschwindigkeit = speed). Here are drawn particles more ´cold´, which move only some shorter distance within time-unit (see lengths of lines). So by given density, these slow particles need some more time until hitting at wall resp. frequency of ´pressure-affects´ is proportional to given molecular speed. That´s real cause why common formula of flux-sciences show factor speed-by-square: once as expression of ´vehemence´ (VM at A) and second as expression of frequency (VM at D) of hitting at wall, thus based on real processes - and not only by abstract-theoretic analogy to V^2 of mechanics.
So formula for calculation of pressure is composed by normal-, way- and density-factor and speed-by-square, thus P = NF * WF * DF * VM^2. Based on previous data of air results P = 0,66 * 0,5 * 1,225 * 495^2 = 100.052 N/m^2 - rather exact normal atmospheric pressure. Using VM = 500,6 m/s would result norm-pressure of 101.320 N/m^2 - so sufficient approval for logic consistency of formula like for fitting description of physical processes of its factors.
Formula and Reality
This uncertainty is accepted for common calculations and sufficient results confirm this generalization is reasonable. At previous chapters e.g. are shown ´reasonable´ results based on these common formula, concerning static pressure like its counterpart dynamic pressure of flows. Nevertheless I don´t like these abstractions because essential points of view get lost. I mentioned that several times at previous chapters, however I´ll point out once more by example of basic importance.
Flow by Pressure
At picture 05.13.02 particles (blue) of air schematic are drawn, simplistic arranged at horizontal level. Based on molecular movement they fly from one collision to next by normal molecular speed, here just to and fro at horizontal level. At A particle flies off wall towards left, same time its left-hand neighbouring particle flies towards right and both collide at the middle. At B, right particle flies back again in direction towards wall and its collision-partner flies back to its original place left side. Analogue other particles further left ´swing´ to and fro.
At C now is sketched, wall (grey) moves towards left same time. Particle (red) hits onto wall some earlier and thus is rejected some earlier. Particle flies towards left, now however some faster, with previous molecular speed plus speed of wall-movement (see red tip of arrows). Its previous collision-partner flies against it like last time. However now place of collision E is displaced some further left (in comparison with situation B). Both particles exchange speeds (and directions), i.e. left particle (red) now flies with that increased speed F towards left, while right particle (blue) moves back towards wall again by normal molecular speed K.
Flow by Suction
Finally short time later (third row) that particle hits onto wall at C. Within that time-interval, also his collision-partner D did go on moving towards right. Again, its left collision-partner E did collide with his left neighbouring collision-partner (here not drawn) and already moves back towards right side (see double-arrow).
At F is shown situation after collision at wall. Particle got rejected and flies back towards left, now however by decelerated speed (marked green) as its previous normal molecular speed is reduced by speed of wall movement. Until next collision thus its partner G moves relative faster and thus longer distance towards right. So opposite to previous picture, now here places of collision become shifted towards right side (in comparison with first row A).
That displacement of collision-locations is much stronger than at previous process, caused by ´delay of return´ of each partner right side and as all particles each left side move unhindered towards right side longer distances. In addition, these left-side particles (G, H, K and M etc., marked blue) fly into direction of wall by normal molecular speed, while all right-side particles (F and L etc., marked green) fly contrary direction only by reduced speed.
Flow by Heat
Particle A flies by normal speed VN towards right into direction of wall. That wall B same times moves towards left, so particle becomes rejected. Its way-back C occurs with accelerated speed VB (German Beschleunigung = acceleration). This acceleration corresponds to speed of wall, i.e. ´flow´ got produced resulting of speed-difference at both ways. This difference here is marked red because representing heat W (German Wärme).
By right understanding, ´heat´ is only expression for speed of molecular movement. However again that term resp. ´heat-energy´ is used most detached of that real basis and even mixed up with term of density. Outer space e.g. is told rather ´cold´, however particles there won´t move slower but there are only few to hit onto ´thermometer´ out there. If any atom by any occurrence achieves fleeing-speed and thus leaves earth - why should its flight through ´void´ become decelerated or even stop? At previous processes however it´s clear to state, wall moving forward against air generates flow by production of heat in the true sense of accelerated speed of molecular movements.
Movement of wall thus results flow of likely speeds at both cases, which however show quite different characteristics. Moving-forward of wall affects pressure, particles become accelerated beyond previous given speed and thus same time with flow also heat is generated. Moving-backward of wall produces suction area of relative void, reflection of particles occur with delay and flying backward occurs slower than previous given speed, so same time with flow also cold is generated. Common formula are based on density and average flow-speed, however don´t pay attention to different behaviour and function of density nor speed.
Thermodynamics
Affecting pressure demands energy-input and resulting of are corresponding stronger kinetic energies of accelerated particle movements and same time stronger static pressures, e.g. at compression-phase of piston-machines. At following expansion-phase intermediately stored energy affects onto back-moving piston, however by all ´experience-rules of thermodynamics´ never total energy is to regain.
There remains all times some rest of energy which escapes as ´heat-loss´ into environment. Resulting of is miserable efficiency of all technologies based on pressures, no matter whether air-compressor, combustion- or steam-engines but just at all applications of pressures. Finally and unfortunately was deduced by that limited view, perpetuum mobile never ever could work. Here however comes up concrete question: previous process of cooling should set free corresponding energy - however how and where comes up corresponding surplus of energy - if laws of ´energy-constant´ still are valid.
Loss of Heat
At pressure wall D, particles (light red) are rejected with increased speed VB, ray-like into forward directions (dark red). That ´enlarged radius´ is marked red and practically represents increased heat W. In reality however, not all particles all times come ahead that distance. Wall plus rejected particles move all times into areas of particles yet not involved - with correspondingly increased frequency of hits. So there arises dam-up resp. stronger static pressure in front of wall. This resistance rises by square of speed of wall, until lastly ´soundbarrier´ is to overcome only by enormous energy-input.
Heat produced thus is not able to ´clear-up´ area ahead of wall. Increased speed towards frontside has even decreasing affect, as it spreads frontside-outward into wider cone-shaped space. Lastly that ´heat-front´ evaporates ineffective, practically as total heat-loss within open systems (while within closed systems only by parts). Really that area of increased pressure does not reach far out into space, e.g. downside-ahead of wing only short distances, i.e. density and corresponding resistance is concentrated near or direct at ´wall´.
Corresponding to this cooling-down, slower particles demand less volume. Equivalent to loss of heat thus is represented by increased density - plus flow into generated void. From all sides particles fall into that ´part-vacuum´ and as wall moves backward continuously, particles fall into that general direction again and again, i.e. relative parallel and thus rather narrow to each other. So this flow is much stronger than ´heat-flow´ of previous situation.
Upper surface of wing represents such a back-stepping wall, however not frontal like at these pictures but positioned diagonal. Opposite to previous ´heat-front´ that ´cold-front´ resp. relative void spreads out forward-upward incredible far. Far upside of nose of wing e.g. exists reduced static pressure und increased speed of that ´artificial wind´, most strong however at frontside part of upper surface of wing (because out of wing no particles can fill up that void). Upside above end of wing however exists already normal air-pressure, just because relative void becomes filled up fast by that generated flow (however all times only up to soundspeed).
So previous question concerning energy-constant got an answer: loss of kinetic energy by cooling-down is compensated by increased density, plus flow into generated ´part-vacuum´, plus better order of vectors of all movements. Within closed system e.g. of piston-machines that cooling is not compensated, just because no additional flow from outside is possible. Design of open systems at previous chapters however was done that kind, additional fluid is mixed into original flow unhindered and thus well ordered and dense flows are generated. However also closed circuits like e.g. Tornado-Motor allow organization of movement processes that kind, common ´thermodynamic-losses´ don´t come up, but total kinetic energy of generated flows inclusive twist are available for external use.
As approve again might serve example often mentioned by Viktor Schauberger and confirmed by exact measurements: waters of mountain torrents get lost of potential energy of high level while moving downward, so based on classic view water or environment should heat up essentially. In reality however, temperature of water tends to four degrees Celsius, i.e. towards most high density of water. Naturally everyone immediately thinks at cooling-effect of evaporation, however decisive reason is shape of water movements: each bended wall of each stone represents suction area into which waters fall by well ordered and dense flows, on and on at spiral tracks into various directions. That´s why mountain torrents plus environment are refreshing cool, no matter which general air-temperature exists, without any doubts.
Benefit without Effort
Previous moving walls naturally represent suction-wall at one side and same time pressure-wall at the other side - when organized unfavourably (e.g. at piston machines). These walls must not stand frontal to flows, like previous example of upper side of wing shows (where practically aside of surface void resp. flow are organized). If wing shows only small angles of attack, it has practically no pressure-side (and only ´natural´ lift is used). At chapter ´Spiral-Canal-Motor´ for example was shown, also pumps are to design only with suction-sides and no pressure-sides (and vice versa also turbines with teeth-like canals are to construct only with pressure-sides).
That ´cooling-principle´ also works just with no mechanic walls, because each fast flow represents relative ´backward-motion´ for each neighbouring slower flow, thus working like suction. Into faster flow fall particles from aside, are rejected with delay and less speed, thus disappear from original area or at least come back with reduced resistance. Any hurricane practically represent many included cylinders, from outside towards inside turning faster, so continuously affecting like suction towards environment. Any tornado practically represents batch of air-disks turning faster form downside towards upward, thus pulling air spiral upward.
Both processes of movements can be rebuild by machines, where efforts only are demanded for production of initial flow. Design of parts and movements process must allow self-acceleration working continuously, which finally is only transmission of static pressure into dynamic pressure. Final benefit of kinetic pressure energies naturally is much higher than energy input for trigger of process.
Not only Heat-Transmission
I oppose against limited view of thermodynamics, because here it´s not question of transmitting little bit heat into other shape (while common technology takes huge losses of heat same time). Heat and cooling are only side-effects of implosion-technologies, decisive however is usage of enormous and inexhaustible kinetic energy of molecular movements.
Difference is easy to demonstrate by well known example: cavitation occurs at fast running ship-props (or in general at pumps), if suction locally and intermediately is so strong, water can not flow fast enough into relative void. Then practically a ´hole´ is drawn into water-compound and short time later molecules fall into that void area, thus implosion occurs - and soft water kills solid metal. Holes within metal are not produced by little bit static pressure nor some more or less heat, but it´s violence of just normal molecular movements energy, represented by some few water molecules shredding hard compound of metal.
Project >100
At this chapter once more are pointed out essential differences: production of pressure and heat results resistance by square and thus system-based losses, while at applications of suction resistance decreases by square to speeds. Only these techniques allow usage of inexhaustible energy of molecular movements, without any damage of environment.
At this chapter multiple statement of great naturalist Schauberger is confirmed: production of heat by explosion-technology is destroying (and he had foreseen environmental pollutions) while organization of processes and usage of ´constructive´ cold by implosion-technology is nature-conform and offers unlimited possibilities. Finally by previous graphs and considerations I was able to understand Schaubergers statements some better - and I hope some Schauberger friends too.
Theses considerations also concern upside formula: their general v^2 does not correspond to real processes (instead of should be used previous normal, accelerated or reduced speeds VM, VB or VR, In addition, these formula use density Rho however don´t differ whether it´s ´chaotic´ density based on pressure and heat or it´s density based on ordered flows. Common flux-sciences do not pay attention to these specific differences at all.
Much more important than formula however is general starting point for replacing explosion-technologies with their wasting results by nature-conform implosion-technologies. At previous chapters already are mentioned sufficient proposals for technical realization and if specialists take these points of view naturally even better machines are build.
E = 0,5 * m * c^2 is most abstract formula of relation between three basic terms of physics. E = 0,5 * m * v^2 is basic formula for energy of moving bodies of mechanics. ´Speed-by-square-half´ analogue is factor of diverse formula of flow-sciences. These formula might be sufficient and mostly appropriate, however are generalizing all times, don´t describe exactly real background and thus don´t express essential characteristics of occurrences. For example, terms of energy and mass are nearby used ´fictive´ in order to represent most different appearances. Sound of speed is called constant limit of all movement possibilities, however rather questionable assumption.
At picture 05.13.01 factors for calculation of atmospheric pressure are shown by graphs. At A schematic is sketched particle (blue) hitting wall (red) by speed of molecular movement, at air with VM = 495 m/s. At one spot of wall, particles arrive from different directions (half-circle light-blue). Representative for all directions are two movements of each 45 degrees (see arrows). Sideward thrusts of wall are balanced, vertical component as an average is 2/3 of molecular speed. So ´normal speed´ VN is less then molecular speed by ´normal-factor´ NF = 0,66 (resp. 2/3). At air this corresponds same time to sound speed VS = 330 m/s (because sound wanders also at this zigzag track).
So this formula represents real facts and processes exactly and thus is suitable for calculations - however for real case still won´t do any good. Well could e.g. static pressure be determined by measurement-units, however neither density nor speed of molecular movement is to measure at running process. It´s only possible to assume one value and to deduce the other value fictively. Measurement-units well can determine e.g. speed of flow and common formula of static pressure P = 0,5 * Rho * v^2 thus is based on flow-speed (and not at molecular-speed like previous formula). However also at that case, speed and density are only fictive averages.
Generally it makes no difference whether body moves through ´resting´ fluid (like e.g. an airplane) or fluid moves relative to resting body (like e.g. flow within pipe) or even body also is moving (like e.g. blades of pump or turbine). Decisive all times are relative movements and speeds. At first here is discussed that case, where flow is generated by movement of body (e.g. pump-blade or piston within cylinder or even wing with angles of attack). In general these bodies here are called ´wall´ (marked grey).
Also at all following collisions further left, that process is repeated: places of collisions become shifted towards frontside, increased speed G is transmitted onto each collision-partner left side (red), while each collision-partner right side (blue) flies back towards right by normal molecular speed H. All movements back towards wall thus occur by normal speed (H and K etc.), each particle (C and L etc.) are rejected by wall with increased speed and that acceleration is transferred by each collision further towards left.
At picture 05.13.03 now opposite process is visualized, where wall moves back towards right side. At first row again starting position is shown, where particles move to and fro between collisions at horizontal level. After collision, particle A flies towards right into direction of wall. After one time-unit (second row) particles left side collide once more, while particle B right side has not yet reached wall moving backward.
At previous fictive experiments thus only a wall is moved towards left or right side and flow of fluid is generated left side of wall. If at both cases wall moves same speed, naturally flows must show likely speeds, finally according to speed of wall movement. At picture 05.13.04 now both situations are shown once more.
Flow by Cold
Opposite process schematic is shown at this picture below: particle D flies with normal speed VN towards left into direction of wall. Same time wall E moves towards left. After collision particle F flies back towards right side, now however by reduced speed VR. So ´flow´ results of difference of speeds at both ways. That difference is marked green as ´cold´ K.
Opposite to my statements in earlier chapters, nevertheless are involves processes of ´thermodynamics´ - however again not as cause but only as follow of molecular movements. Previous considerations are based only at one moving wall without any other limitations, so concerning an ´open system´. Results however are comparable within ´closed systems´ e.g. if that wall is represented by piston moving to and fro within cylinder.
Previous pictures simplistic showed movements of particles in horizontal directions. At picture 05.13.05 now again is shown, particles (blue) fall onto one spot of wall from any directions. Left side is drawn back-moving suction-wall S, right side is drawn forward-moving pressure-wall D. Also drawn are each ways towards walls, which occur with molecular speed VM. In average, pressure affects only by component right angles towards wall, thus by previous ´normal´ speed VN, which same time is likely to sound speed VS.
Gain Density and Order
At this picture left side corresponding situation of backward-moving suction-wall S is sketched. Particles (blue) fall radial towards one spot of wall by normal speed VN, after delayed rejection (green) move back with reduced speed VR, in addition by angles more flat. Particles (green) thus are not rejected so far and wide as e.g. at resting walls. That difference is marked green as cold area K.
Kinetic energy of these dense and ordered flows naturally are usable, at mountain torrents and by machines as well. By classic understanding no energy is to ´win´, so that usable energy should demand corresponding efforts - like at any orderly power-machine. Fault of thinking is in general, it´s not question of energy-constant and transmission of one shape of energy into an other shape, but intermediate use of an occurrence, here flow generated by ´cooling down´ molecular movements resp. to use kinetic energy of these flows before returning to its origin state of chaotic movement.
I oppose vehement against common views of thermodynamics, because these are applied prevailingly in sense of inevitable heat-losses. Each heat-pump achieves three times higher benefits than costs - and physicians don´t like it (even simply to explain by ´common laws´). In addition is common argument, this technology serves for hot-water supply and house-heating however can not produce real ´valuable´ energies - like combustion-technologies (with its miserable efficiency, which is not valuable but extreme expensive if real costs from source (of oil or uranium) up to environmental pollution are calculated).
This energy is given and available and it´s task to use it, not like cavitation as ´workplace accident´ but as continuous process, with minimum energy-input and extreme high output, with efficiency not nearby hundred percent but multiple higher. One may no longer be contented about (wrong understanding of) energy-constant or inevitable thermodynamic-heatlosses and one may no longer be ´happy´ all formula theoretic exactly approves that inefficiency and naturally corresponding designed techniques confirm that status-quo. General ´Project >100´ must be started and explosion-technologies are to replace by applications of implosion in total.
05.14. Summary
Ether-Physics and -Philosophy