One application of flux techniques is sucking-off tanks or drawing air off rooms. Many solutions are known and these machines achieve very good performance. Improvements thus can be only marginal, nevertheless I want to discuss some points of view resulting of previous chapter and concerning these applications.At picture 05.05.01 schematic is shown vacuum pump with slide-control as an example. Rotor (R, red) is turning clock-wise. Within slots of rotor some slides (green) can move in radial directions and their outer edges glide alongside wall of housing. This wall is round however eccentric to axis of rotor. So space between slides show variable volumes, increasing at A, maximum at B and decreasing at C.
It´s never possible to draw particles of gases out of any space, but one only can offer ´empty´ space into which particles may fall by themselves. This process occurs at A. Opposite at C, particles are pushed off area of pump. Between at B, no change of volume exists however particles are forced to move certain direction.
In principle all vacuum pumps work by this process. Even relative emptiness at original area is to achieve exclusive by suction, particles get additional impulse by hitting onto moving blades. High-performance vacuum pumps add so much heat to fluid as they consume energy - just because fluid-transport out of origin area is ´for free´. Energy is demanded only for friction losses and (if) fluid at outlet is pushed into surrounding area of higher pressure (and even just for previous heating).
Analogue Wings
At the following now is considered how transportation of fluid is achieved exclusive by suction resp. how to use suction effects at its best. Profiles of wings use suction optimum and practically as ´side-effect´ comes up lift, so analogue should be possible to transport fluid also by pure suction.
At picture 05.05.02 at A is sketched profile of wing which by its movement within space continuously produces area of void at its rear end, into which air falls. At previous chapter was described in details, how that wind affects further ahead and just at frontside nose achieves maximum speed.
Opposite now just likely winds should come up if wing is resting, however ´synthetic´ void is produced at its upper surface. At this picture at B that situation is drawn schematic. Profile is positioned that kind, it upside surface is horizontal, so ´wall´ (red) can glide alongside of. That ´slide´ (S) is guided continuously alongside surface if turning around an axis. So at the following this part is called ´rotor´ (R) resp. also its ´rotor-blades resp. vanes´.
Now also some of these elements are to arrange around axis, like sketched at C and D. As self-acceleration of winds comes up maximum around bended surfaces, here noses are shaped as halves of circle. These elements are stationary, so shape of downside surface does not matter. Important however is, fluid is guided between elements by ´canal´ (E) at its best.
Bending of that convex wall right side continuously represents void area for flows downside-upward. However decisive are rejections (F) left side at concave wall, as they produce impulses for bending of flows. By these movements occur situations of ´rear-end-collisions´ with their positive effects accelerating and condensing ordered flows. So according shape of both walls is decisive for strength of produced ´artificial winds´.
Axial- and Radial-Pumps
Stator (stationary guide-blades of previous profiles resp. their canals) and rotor (turning parts, most with turbine-vanes) can be arranged different kind and picture 05.05.03 schematic shows three possibilities in principle (stator S yellow and rotor R red, left side by cross-sectional view and right side by longitudinal view, fluid is marked blue all times).
At A, fluid is guided in axial direction. Guiding elements resp. canals are arranged around axis and blades of rotor glide alongside surfaces resp. outlets of canals.
At B, fluid inlet is aside and outlet is upside. Only two canals are installed and at their inner (at this version relative short) surfaces star-shaped rotor glides alongside. For example, rotor vane right side just passed canal and it´s well to see how it drags fluid inward and around (e.g. blade right upside).
At C, movement directions are opposite: air is sucked in upside central and guided downside radial outward. These, for example four, guiding elements show long surfaces outside, alongside which six rotor blades can produce ´suction´ at corresponding long distances.
No Shovelling nor Pressing
This concept is different to many commonly used types of pumps, especially of fans. At these common machines blades ´thrash around´ more or less within space. Certainly there come up air-movements, however more by pressing and pushing than by steady flows. Also between commonly used vane wheels of stator and rotor is made a hash than smooth transport of fluids.
At cross-sectional view left side at C is to recognize, rotor blades don´t hit onto free (turbulent) air. This air however already did move long distances through canals, got shape of ordered flow and afterwards gently pulled further ahead by rotor blades.
Blade by itself does not affect acceleration, which however did come up automatic by previous mentioned bending at convex and rejection at concave walls of canal. Blades finally function only for keeping up steady flows. Outside around of these guiding elements, air is moving in circles, so blades merely transfer energy onto fluid - resp. drive of rotor demands few energy.
Only one Stator-Element
Thus at previous concepts, blades continuously pull flows out of canals. Only these phases are critical when blades pass outlet of canals. There, angles of attack must fit exactly to given speeds of flows, otherwise come up harmful turbulences (like permanent problem at many commonly used machines). So optimum solution should have no transient-phases like these.
Picture 05.05.04 shows principle of conception to avoid that problem. Inlet like outlet are arranged aside. Stator is arranged round about, convex wall practically as outer ring, concave wall as central pillar. There is only one canal all around and its shape corresponds to half of vortex ring. Rotor builds part of surface of central wall, however only at section downside-outwards (at the following called ´rotor-disk´). At this disk are fix installed some blades which reach into canal.
Progressive Acceleration
Rotor puts flow alongside inner wall in turning motion. This is done partly by friction as fluid sticks at surface of rotor disk. Only some blades are necessary in addition, e.g. three like schematic drawn at cross-sectional view right side. These blades can show radial outward or may be curved little bit (like sketched here) in order to affect less pressure but only guiding flows.
At these conceptions, automatic comes up acceleration effect, as rotor glides alongside stator wall increasingly faster from inner to outer parts. Thus from centre to circumference, rotor produces void areas faster, into which fluid can move resp. will fall diagonal ahead-outward by increasing speeds.
So fluid here does not only flow at circled track from upside downward (like blue area left side of longitudinal cross-sectional view might assume), but the further down and further outward, the stronger flow moves into tangential directions. Fluid thus flows not alongside drawn curves but diagonal at much longer ways.
As only one canal all-around exists, fluid can move relative free resp. there is no friction like at other canals (which practically show four walls, however only two of affect positive by convex / concave surfaces). If only one stator element is necessary, logically also only one rotor element should do.
Only one Rotor-Element
Previous solution not yet solved problem of angles of attack of blades (and adaptation with speeds of flows is critical in general at any vanes). Tesla build a pump (and analogue a turbine) without blades but using only plane rotor disks (without any stator), working exclusively by friction of fluids at surfaces. Pump finally worked based on inertia, as fluid moves outward by centrifugal forces. At following concept however stator is used and important for building up ordered flows, only ´blades´ of rotor are minimized.
Concept of 05.05.05 corresponds to previous with these differences: inlet occurs in axial direction (and canals well could be more vertical and central pillar could be more thick than drawn here). Also downside part of central stator now is stationary. Rotor reaches merely into canal and builds only ring-shaped surface downside-outward.
Fluid no longer is accelerated by blades tangential-outwards, but only by friction as fluid particles stick onto ring-shaped rotor surface. So this rotor is quite easy to turn, as besides of friction losses of bearings only that small friction of fluids affects, and fluid there move just likely fast as rotor turns.
When starting machine, fluid will start moving rather slowly. As soon however flow comes up, previous mentioned acceleration effects come up at curved stator surfaces, so ordered dense flow builds up automatic. Fluid flows from upper parts downward, downside increasingly faster tangential outwards. At picture 05.05.05 downside schematic is shown cross-sectional view and that way of fluid particle is sketched by curve with arrow.
That ring-shaped surface of rotor (R) well should be coarse-grained so fluid sticks on surface. Dragging effect probably would be even better, if surfaces would have grooves or edges (maximum one millimetre deep / high), showing cross to direction of flow, like here for example sketched by dotted lines.
Some won´t believe in affects of ´sticking-friction´ or ´microscopic small blades´. So once more is to point out: rotor of that conception must not affect pressure but only serve for continuous existent suction. Flows work similar to suction for every neighbouring areas of less speeds and totally likely for any areas behind fast flow. This acceleration is done without any energy-input, if flows are guided alongside correspondingly curved surfaces. By that understanding, rotor of that concept is not cause of acceleration but only trigger at starting phase and later on practically only ´moderator´ for keeping up existing movement processes.
Last Dance
Many of previous consideration naturally are well know at flux-sciences - however most astonishing not all effects are consequently uses. Most designing engineers ´instinctively´ prefer active pressures and ignore strength of ´passive´ suction. Finally I mention point of view not obeyed even at large and expensive units - which still guide outlet fluids straight into snail-pipes.
At picture 05.05.06 once more cross-sectional view of previous concept is shown by smaller scale. Upside of, snail-shaped pipe is sketched, from which fluid is moving into canal of stator. Also downside, snail-shaped element is drawn by cross-sectional view which takes outlet fluids.
Upside inlet is relative unproblematic and must show only sufficient diameter. Air within should flow without great turbulences, like e.g. within that snail from upside left turning inwards into canal. Building up of ordered flows occurs finally within canal of stator.
Outlet however is problematic, because any ´jam´ kills that suction-based-flow. Already normal atmospheric pressure affects corresponding resistance. At that concept, fluid flows outward through small slot all around machine into radial resp. tangential directions. This will do for some applications, e.g. if that pump is used only as ventilator.
If however air is to transport further on, flat jet must be gathered in fitting shape. As a rule, such tangential exits of flows are gathered within pipe of increasing diameter running around machine. At this picture that ´snail´ shows minimum diameter left side, medium diameter at right side and maximum diameter quite outside left.
Decisive now is, inlet into that pipe occurs all times in tangential direction (and not simply radial like often done), because only this sideward ´mixing´ of new masses occurs without turbulences. Each new layer of air practically is ´winded up´ on old core of flow. So within that pipe exist movements into longitudinal direction but also strong twist.
Nozzle-Effect
Twist-flows move within pipes with relative few resistance and also through bends, so flow is to redirect well. If this turning air jet exits end of pipe it really ´screws´ into environment. At the one hand, particles outside of jet are accelerated, i.e. twisting flow becomes wider. At the other hand this turning jet works like any tornado, which is now exposed to static pressure of environment. New particles from outside compress central flow which thus becomes more dense. Other new particles fall into direction of central motions without resistance and thus accelerate original flow. This outside additional acceleration naturally affects like ´suction´ back into snail pipe - and could well enforce throughput more than rotor did, which mostly works as trigger and moderator.
Within pipe itself, this effect of static pressure can´t work, because no particles (out of walls) can contribute to compression. This effect comes up within pipes only if cross-sectional surface becomes reduced, e.g. if pipe is shaped conic like nozzles are. It´s astonishing that enlarging cross-section produces resistance and reduces throughput, however reduced cross-section surface merely produces resistance and only corresponding acceleration occurs. So previous condensing and accelerating of jet in free environment could already be started within end of pipe if nozzle-shaped. In addition that reduction of cross-sectional surface should be used as transition for building segment-pipe, as two (or more) segments are twisted inward little bit (details see chapter 05.05.03).
For nothing
Nothing is for-nothing - except sun-shine. By pure passive measurement (e.g. that concave mirror left side at picture 05.05.07) however is achieved surplus-benefit (e.g. concentrating heat sufficiently for warm-water supply). Question of energy-constant is not involved at this process, it´s only question of organization of order (here to bundle originally parallel radiation into radial directions).
For-nothing also are normal molecular motions e.g. of gas particles. Originally chaotic motion directions are also to order, e.g. if air is guided alongside convex surfaces. No input of energy corresponding to kinetic energy of produced wind is necessary, but only any trigger is to organize. Generated flow can serve for any purpose (e.g. production of relative void within space like at previous vacuum-pumps) or side-effect indirectly can serve for other purposes (like e.g. lift at wings of previous chapter).
It took some few days producing text and drawings of that web-page, layman like and uninhibited, with more or less good ideas, old hat or sometimes quite new, here e.g. pointing out importance of guidance of fluid before and after rotor-blades. If however real competent specialists, not ´fearing to harm sacred law of energy-constant´, consequently would search for side-effects of natural free energies, perfectly natural would produce much better ideas and achieve real products with much more benefits than costs.
It really makes no sense long term, living being most intelligent builds machines with higher efforts than benefits - that´s really for nothing. These stupid considerations and suggestions for solutions of simple pump-problems might trigger contemplation.
| 05.06. Suction-Windmill | Ether-Physics and -Philosophy |