Following section primary talks about well known world of particles and only some differences to difficult world of ether are mentioned. At first some known and banal facts are listed, which however become important at following chapters. Our experienced world exists of parts which we handle steady and manifold, e.g. by building machines. At picture 05.01.01 (left at A) very schematic is shown cross-sectional view through popular construction - through combustion motor.
Crank shaft turns within engine block, crank and connecting rod moves piston up and down within cylinder, cubic capacity varies its volume, air is drawn in and compressed, fuel is injected and fired, heat comes up and presses down piston, exhaust fumes are pushed off and surplus heat is drawn off by coolant.
Formula-1-freaks know, gas pedal pushed down results up to 16.000 rpms, at curves come up centrifugal forces of some g, by brake sometimes speed is reduced, driver should not think about possible collisions - otherwise Schummi passed by and is super-champ.
This machine uses materials of all three physical states: solid bodies (grey) for parts of motor, liquids (blue) for cooling, gases (red) as throughput-medium - and above this, even fourth physical state of plasma (yellow) might come up for short moment by ignition spark.
At this picture right side at B some properties of physical states are marked. Especially striking is relation of volumes which comparable (by weight) masses of atoms resp. molecules take. Iron (FE) exists of rather heavy atoms sitting nearby each other (small grey point). Water molecules (H2O) are lighter three times and arranged at loose compounds, so likely mass of water takes seven times wider volume (here marked by blue square, seven times larger than grey point).
However, again seven hundred times more volume takes air (N+O) at normal conditions (red square). Atoms of air weight nearby like H2O, however are spread much wider. Gas-atoms are really neglectable small in relation to volume they demand - tiny points within huge sea of Nothing - by common understanding. By my understanding however, space is filled up with ether (E) and also these material particles are nothing else than ether, each only special motion pattern of that plasma.
Motion, Heat, Density
Motion (B, German Bewegung) is common for all physical states. Plasma is pure ether movement, atoms of gases fly steady through space, liquids are soft and pushed down by gravity every slight slope, stationary solid bodies seam resting however their atoms are trembling on and on. Materia of all physical states thus are steady moving, from solid via liquid to gaseous however at increasing larger distances. Plasma resp. ether as background of all occurrences naturally is also steady moving - however keeping nearby stationary (thus similar to ´stationary´ trembling of solid bodies).
Expression of speed resp. intensity of particles movements is called ´heat´ (W, German Wärme). Atoms of solid bodies can tremble more or less intensive, e.g. from ´cold to red-hot iron´. Particles of liquids can move relative to each other, more or less fast, or even condensate or vaporize. Gas particles race through space most fast, or calm down becoming liquids. So ´heat´ is expression of intensity of movements of particles - thus not to apply at partless ether plasma.
Universe is assumed to be extremely cold, however only because out there are very very few material particles to hit onto thermometer. Light races through universe - however that ´electromagnetic wave´ is not ´warm´, only if light hits onto material particles their trembling might increase. So heat resp. temperature exists only at level of material occurrences and also there appears only by ´interaction´, i.e. if intensities of movements of particles are exchanged. All processes within ether itself, e.g. previous light-radiation or also vortices pattern of electrons are movements indeed, however that interaction-conditioned term of heat does not match. Ether by itself has no temperature (and thus also Free Ether of Universe shows no temperature).
Analogue is situation concerning term of ´density´ (D). Really variable density exists only at gases, e.g. within cylinder of previous combustion engine. Liquids show different density based on temperature, liquids however are not really compressible. Likely behave solid bodies with its nearby steady density, just because their atoms or molecules are near next already by normal conditions. The smaller and dense particles are, the less relative density can vary - and thus term of ´density´ is not to apply at gapless plasma: ether is homogenous substance without any possibility for changing density.
Strange Ideas
I really know almost every reader considers these claims ´insane´ while for me these ideas are clear result of intensive considerations. Just that´s why I welcome Harald Maurer coming to similar conclusions, however based on substance in shape of ´granulate´ (see his T.A.O.-Matrix in chapter 04.04.) which seems more reasonable for common understanding.
Nevertheless I underline once more, term ´heat´ and term ´density´ are inapplicable to ´my part- and gapless ether´ (but only at level of material occurrences resp. particles-worlds). Heat naturally is also not applied at diverse physical fields, i.e. electric- or magnetic- or gravity-fields are neither cold nor warm. Density sometimes is used concerning fields, however fields describe forces, so ´strength´ would better fit than density. So there are physical occurrences which also don´t show properties of heat and density (just because previous fields are direct affects of ether movements, without building independent and locally separated entities of material kind).
My ether thus shows no property of any ´elasticity´ and occurrences are not based at any ´dilution or thickening or condensation´ of any compressible substance, like often assumed at many theories. These theories talk about ´crystallization of vacuum´ or ´virtual particles´ - without any explanation how and why resp. only to cover unsolved problems of these world-views. Only Maurer gives reasonable explanations e.g. by his ´disturbance areas´.
Movements within Gases
At the following only gases are discussed because their particles have best chance for free motions and same time inevitably occurring effects clearly become obvious.
At picture 05.01.02 is marked an area of gas by light red. Red points represent atoms. Red line of each atom marks way moved before. This picture shows no real relations. Much too many atoms are arranged at that area. Atoms never show this strict order. Atoms do not move only at these vertical and horizontal tracks.
So this picture, like following animation, only demonstrates how atoms of gases can move through each others ways and collide repeatedly, mutually or with surrounding wall. It´s common understanding, these collisions occur ´perfect elastically´ (thus without loss of kinetic energy), speeds and directions are only exchanged from particle to particle (represented here by lines of same lengths resp. likely distances each time unit).
This picture also corresponds to common understanding, as motions straight line and constant speed are assumed. However, not all particles show exact same speed but only similar speeds (by bell-shaped spreading). It´s also assumed, particles of gases show no attracting nor rejecting affects (besides polarized particles, e.g. ´mixture of gases H2 and O´ resulting liquid state).
As here movements are reduced to horizontal and vertical directions, it seams atoms would not come far ahead. At reality, all atoms move chaotic directions and inevitably results possibility for some atoms to move unbelievably fast far ahead within space (see below).
Emptiness within Gases
Picture 05.01.04 at A shows some more realistic relations concerning ´chaotic´ directions into which atoms are moving this very moment. Completely unrealistic however still is density of atoms (relation between atom-diameters and total area drawn here). Real relations are not to show at paper or screen, but following example might give good idea.
´Nordic-Walking´ is up-to-date and thus many health-conscious walkers assemble at vast plane. As pure nature is boring, an ´event´ is arranged: all members spread out at field and on command everyone starts walking into direction as they like it, however all times straight ahead. ´Score-surface´ is one square-meter and at each hitting, partners exchange their directions. Aim of that event is ... however events became an end in themselves.
Anyway, some walkers meet colleague already some few steps later, other walkers collide finally after some hundred meters or even later. Aim of this comparison is to demonstrate ´emptiness´ of gases. At normal conditions, atoms move one thousand times their diameters straight ahead until colliding. As ´score-surface´ here is defined by one square-meter, walkers on average would have to walk one kilometre until meeting next - and probably no series of that boring event would come up - and it´s rather hard to understand, why gas-particles don´t stop their stupid racing through void.
Known Thermodynamics
Picture 05.01.04 at B schematic shows increased heat (in comparison with A). Atoms move some faster, thus hitting stronger at walls, thus producing some heavier trembling. Opposite, if walls are warmed up naturally gas becomes heated correspondingly - inevitably ´heat flows from warm to cold´ - like generally known (with aim of increasing entropy).
Right side at C now available space for given number of atoms is reduced. Atoms thus hit early and quite frequent onto walls resulting increased ´pressure´. At previous piston engine, available volume is reduced as piston moves into cylinder. That moving wall rejects atoms faster, so same time heat increases.
So I risked simple examples in order to demonstrate reality of ´nearby empty´ gases (because atom-diameters of 10^-10 and distances of 10^-7 hardly can produce real imagination of relations). These facts are well known for long times, specialists know all relevant terms and formula. So I mentioned these facts only brief, only by common words and simple examples to give an idea of real relations and processes within gases - and because not everything is like it seams to be and common sciences don´t draw all consequences or don´t draw best benefits of (for example see absolutely insufficient level of utilization of combustion engines).
Mixture
At picture 05.01.05 at A are sketched two solid bodies (dark grey and light grey) and it´s obvious, these bodies can not be ´mixed up´ (as long as they stay in solid physical state). Essential property of solid bodies is, their particles build strong compound with common ´hard´ border towards outside.
At B are sketched two liquids (dark blue and light blue). Compounds of particles of liquids are not thus rigid, but particles remain next to neighbour as a rule. Liquids are to stir (like sketched here) or are to shake for mixing up.
At C and D is sketched gas within two areas (dark red and light red). Two particles and their potential tracks are marked. Within gases exists such wide emptiness and particles move ´chaotic´, so they must not stay near neighbours (like at previous extreme schematic picture 05.01.02).
Scents for example spread remarkable fast and small mass of is sufficient for immediate detection within wide room (e.g. if diva with her exotic perfume enters stage). Strong kinetic forces are ´inherent´ at gases and very dynamic processes occur. Different gases mix up rather fast and completely, autonomous without intervention (like previous stirring of liquids).
Sometimes I have to excuse for simple examples, sometimes for confusing presentations. This animation for example is rather heavy, because too much for visual sense (even showing only two pictures each second). Animation shows left side an area and at the beginning ten red particles are spread randomly. Right area shows correspondingly ten blue particles. Each particle starts moving into arbitrary direction. Animation shows ´flight-traffic´ by twelve steps, as each track moved is marked by lines.
One must really concentrate to detect wandering of particles. Process is much easier to realize by follow of still frames. Picture 05.01.07 thus shows four phases of movements process, picture 05.01.08 shows four (other) phases with each position of red and blue particles.
Even this ´airspace is absolutely overcrowded´, first particles reach other end already after few ´moves´ (at this example after eight). Mixture is completed after short time (here e.g. red and blue particles are spread likely within both halves after twelve moves). Never ever particles will be divided like at the beginning.
No equal Spreading
Process of mixture not only occurs at border of both areas, but some particles ´fall´ into randomly free spaces far ahead. Remarkable is, particles are not spread equal at surface, but ´clusters´ come up all times, however with changing members and steady changing structures. Likely remarkable are ´bubbles of total void´ coming up correspondingly, which naturally are not steady and not resting stationary.
In spite of equal spreading by total view, thus at every moment exist structures in shape of accumulations of particles and corresponding empty areas. Each structure however is dynamic, i.e. existing only intermediately and of varying shape. Opposite to generally known stabile structures of solid bodies (e.g. previous engine), these structures are changing and transient, nevertheless permanently existing.
Motions directions at the very beginning were arranged randomly (´chaotic´), however this chaos does not last long time. Very conspicuous are situations where some particles move rather parallel, even narrow aside each other. So locally much ´kinetic energy´ is assembled, even with likely structured movements. Just at these areas of ´well ordered motions´ particles are crowded and thus building area of increased ´density´ (and correspondingly other areas intermediately show much less density).
We know well, particles of solid bodies show compact order, e.g. arranged by grid-structures. We also know, particles of liquids are near next by relative constant distances (even at liquids already clusters are dominant). We know gases behave ´chaotic´ because particles fly confusing all around and collide all times into all directions. Nevertheless our imagination of chaos is much too ´rigid´.
We know for example, pressure within gas is ´omnipresent´, so we assume regular hits of particles onto all walls. Thus we assume same time, particles are equal spread within space. That´s correct in total, however formula of thermodynamics represent only summary results - like probability calculus presents final result of frequencies (at dice- or roulette-game or any other process controlled by coincidence).
Essential characteristic of coincidence and chaos however is, equal spreading is never present, so in gases distances between particles are never likely and directions of movements are not totally different but likely at some areas. Opposite, based on coincidence and chaos it´s inevitable, imbalance exists continuously, concerning momentary spreading of particles positions like their movements directions. Only in total view might result apparent state of ´average´ occurrences.
In reality, chaos and coincidence are characterized by dynamic structures. Well, we are handling ´stabile structures of solid particles´ day-in day-out and thus do hard with structures of permanent changes (see confusing animation upside). Nevertheless these motions structures are as real as ´solid bodies´, even they come up at changing locations and by changing shapes.
Factor of Order
Admitted: these examples show little bit too much order - because narrow walls work as ´factor of order´. Particles are reflected at these walls like mutually by other particles, however not anywhere in space but exactly at this straight line along wall. In principle however, also gases not limited by solid borders show uneven spreading, thus different space between particles and accordingly momentary preferred directions of motions (and view into universe is convincing example - and e.g. Maurers ´space-pressure´ explains well, why that imbalance came up not by chance and won´t disappear).
´First principles of thermodynamics´ however tell, all processes show losses, lastly by heat, this minor energy produces entropy, so universe will die heat-death and before that event won´t exist any chance for perpetuum mobile. That entropy does not exist, neither within universe nor within ´closed system´ of any gas-tank. Admitted, it´s hard to handle these changing structures or even to use kinetic energy inherent of gases. Previous hint concerning ordering function of tank-walls for example points to some possibilities.
| 05.02. Three Times Suction-Effect | Ether-Physics and -Philosophy |