It´s often assumed, standing waves would exist within universe, e.g. affecting gravity. At the other hand was stated, no equal spreading exists within universe, but special sizes of occurrences prevailingly exist (from much large to most small scales). Term of ´gravity´ thereby is also used in sense of affecting attraction.
These points of view recently were intensively discussed e.g. by subject of ´Global Scaling´, especially by many publications of Hartmut Müller at periodical raum&zeit (by Ehlersverlag, special 1, Global-Scaling, also available in English) and others, e.g. Eduard Krausz. At the following are mentioned only these basic facts of that theory, which are relevant for further considerations here.
Nodes and Bulge
Radiations whirr through universe into any direction by various frequencies, all overlaying somehow, mutually levelling to ´wave-salad´ in general. If however waves run parallel with ´harmonic´ frequencies, swinging can be build-up.
At picture 02.07.01 for example are shown waves, each next with half of phase-length of previous wave. If waves like this overlay, no longer will exist wave-bulges same size (but phases with reduced or increased amplitudes) and nodes of only one or of several waves same time. If waves like these show same direction of spreading, ´standing´ nodes will come up. If these waves are mirrored, also complete standing waves could come up.
At picture 02.07.02 frequencies are shown with phase-length each one third of previous wave (marked by colours here are only phase-halves). Overlays will have analogue effect concerning amplitudes and nodes. Naturally, these ´third-waves´ could also overlay ´half-waves´ above, so each six phases would come up especially ´strong´ nodes.
Euler´s Number
Not only half- and third-waves above can overlay, but naturally also waves with other fractions. At this picture this is shown by a follow of waves each shorter than previous, marked by E.
One kind of addition has special importance at physics: 1 + 1/1 + 1/1*2 + 1/1*2*3 + 1/1*2*3*4 etc., where sum is e = 2.7182818... (Euler´s Number). This value thus includes any possible fraction, here e.g. any frequencies. At this natural-constant is based Natural Logarithm (ln) and this ´Logarithmic Number-Space´ is ideal scale for many occurrences of physics.
At theory of global scaling for example, place of nodes of overlays of any frequencies is easy to calculate by this technique. Nodes there are not spread equally at all but are concentrated ´hyperbolically´ within phases.
Statements
Far reaching deductions are made, e.g. by following statement of texts to these pictures of raum&zeit 104/2000 (begin of quotes):
At nodes of a standing wave exists no swinging movement, it exists stillstand. At swinging-bulges, globally standing gravity wave pushes off materia, so materia is concentrated at nodes. That´s why universe shows fractal shapes of galaxies, stars, planets, organism, molecules, atoms and particles. ...
By characteristics of these patterns results global synchronism resp. standing gravity waves affect morphogenetic. So spreading of stable numbers are determined at all physical, chemical, biological and social processes. ...
By this picture is obvious, distance between neighbouring nodes of compressive wave are each 3 units long and each area of nodes are 2 units of natural logarithm wide. ...
These are only tops of ´Eisberg´ of standing gravity wave within gravity-ether (at middle part of picture), resulting of overlays of two waves with frequencies exactly 1/3 differing. Picture downside shows structure of gravity-ether within logarithmic space (end of quotes).
Spreadings like these exist at diverse areas, e.g. spreading probability of sizes of living beings. Calculations did achieve good results at many applications, so this theory is approved by multiple cases. Without any doubt, this theory essentially contributes to explanations of fractal structures of real world.
At the other hand, calculation-technique is dominant part of this theory, so direct relation to real facts are but hard to realize. For example, statements like following are more confusing than explaining (begin of quotes):
Global standing compression-wave of logarithmic space of physical scales is a sound-wave. It´s different to acoustical sound-wave by fact, it doesn´t spread within linear space, but is standing within logarithmic space. ...
As consequence of logarithmic fractal isomorphism also most extreme physical vacuum is not absolutely free of materia. Vacuum thus is not homogeneous and is also not isotropic, but heterogeneous and anisotropic, so there exist border layers. There materia-waves are reflected and standing waves come up. ...
Logarithmic space of physical scales is one-dimensional. That´s why by transition to linear space e = 2.71828... fractal dimension are given. Based on topologic model has to be rounded to integer, so Euklid´s space is topologically three-dimensional and there can´t exist fourth space-time-dimension. ...
Logarithmic space is ´assembled´ by 27 logarithmic linear lines, relative size of most small logarithmic space is 162 logarithmic units, it´s limited (finite), only within finite space standing waves can come up. (End of quotes).
Open Questions
Obviously, theory of global scaling assumes existence of (´gravity´-) ether, consisting of parts, so compressive waves (longitudinal waves) are possible (like sound waves). By this assumption, all questions about gaps between parts are open, thus also concerning Nothing and affects through Nothing, also of diffunding of Something into Nothing etc. (like discussed in details at part 01 Introduction).
These ether-gravity-waves of global-scaling-theory are assumed to be standing waves - within one-dimensional logarithmic space of physical scales. It´s already hard to imagine ´one-dimensional space´, in addition as picture above shows two-dimension surface (where amplitudes into third dimension probably will only mark extent of density).
These nodes determine concentration of materia - thus within real, three-dimensional space, thus also these gravity-waves would have to ´stand´ within three dimensions or at least should have effect within. However, result would be an ether-wave-grating (three-dimensional) - and at grating´s nodes materia within space would be concentrated (fractually, nevertheless within space by strict right-angled order). It´s questionable, these ideas are conform to movements obviously showing into all directions of space. In addition, universe just does show no rigid grating structure.
By statements above is assumed, also within vacuum exists materia, inclusive border layers, at which materia-waves are mirrored. However, this theory doesn´t assume materia-waves, but concentration of materia within calm areas of nodes of swinging gravity-ether. So no answers are concerning all questions of mirroring of waves within ether (or of materia), as discussed in details at previous chapter ´No Standing Waves´. All problems also still exist, which are base at view of here-materia-and-there-ether (like also discussed at part 01 Introduction).
By properties of abstract mental tool (logarithmic space, assembled of 27 logarithmic lines) is deduced finity, as prerequisite of existence of standing waves. However it´s not clear, within which space by which medium waves really are standing. This logical deduction by laws of projective geometry, based at ideal bodies, is rather impressive. However that will remain abstract, if within real ether no single straight line is existent.
Obviously global scaling assumes Euklid´s space, within which real materia exists (and also ether should be within). However there is no convincing relation between base of 2.7182818... of that one mental tool (scale) to deduce at ´rounded´ 3.0000000... dimensions of other mental tool (space). Above this, understanding of global scaling is that ´linear´ space would be reality, so from one mental tool (scale) is made logically conclusion concerning reality.
It´s hard to understand, mathematics calculate by many numbers totally exact, no matter whether 10^-51 or 10^+55 - and at the other hand by ´surprising coup´ logical operations of previous kind are done. It´s absolutely necessary to make purely mental operations with abstract terms (e.g. for easier calculations). As soon however terms are involved without direct relation to real facts, results no longer are to transfer onto reality (as already discussed at part 01 Introduction).
Making Thirds
Very real however global scaling did approve, relations of thirds resp. two thirds are very important in reality of universe. Nature-laws always are restrictions and thus it well could be, total system of global synchronisation is based only at concept of two thirds, in direct relation with three dimensions of space.
At picture 02.07.03 once more are shown waves with phase-lengths of 2/3 of each previous wave. These waves could be spread around three dimensions of space, thus at direction of X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, then again at direction of X-axis etc., as much we like it. For example, following values would result:
If in turn each wave length one half longer (16...81) are spread, relation between each neighbouring axis (in turn) always is 4 to 6 to 9, so spreading by 2/3-law is applied concretely and continuously to three dimensions of space.
At each axis thus would exist waves, increasing by cube, each in relation of 8 to 27 resp. by 2*2*2 to 3*3*3. On the other hand, at global scaling are most striking values of 27 or 81 (where 81 stable chemical elements are often taken as approval for any hypothesis).
In addition, 4 + 6 + 9 = 19. This number is important e.g. at order of chemical elements and compounds. Especially Peter Plichta with his ´Primzahlkreuz´ did point out that fact. This point of view will be discussed at later parts concerning model of atoms.
Restrictions
Theory of global scaling by sure is essential contribution for explanations of fractal structure of physics of universe. This theory offers mathematical basis for systematic calculations about probability spreading of many occurrences.
However critical are prerequisites concerning real existence of standing waves and especially concerning mirroring. On the other hand, this spreading-structure can exist not only within abstract, ´one-dimensional logarithmic space´, if resulting of are really relevant consequences, approved by observations at many applications.
These laws must be embodied within real ether quite concrete. It well could be, not every kind of wave-structure is admitted, but e.g. restrictions in shape of two-third-law are valid. Previous example does show only one of many possible shapes. Diverse alternative representations of likely laws within ether are discussed at following chapters.
| 02.08. Two-Third and Three | Ether-Physics and -Philosophy |